Classifying Mixing Regimes in Ponds and Shallow Lakes
Classifying Mixing Regimes in Ponds and Shallow Lakes
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对池塘和浅湖的混合状况进行分类
DOI：
10.1029/2022wr032522
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Bansal, Sheel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holgerson, Meredith A.;Richardson, David C.;Roith, Joseph;Bortolotti, Lauren E.;Finlay, Kerri;Hornbach, Daniel J.;Gurung, Kshitij;Ness, Andrew;Andersen, Mikkel R.;Bansal, Sheel
湖泊按热混合状态分类，浅水水体历史上被归类为连续混合系统。然而，最近的研究表明，延长夏季分层池塘，强调需要重新评估浅水水体的热分类。在这项研究中，我们研究了34个池塘和浅湖在温带北美和欧洲的夏季热动力学分类和识别不同的混合制度的驱动程序。我们确定了三种混合制度：很少（n= 18），间歇性（n= 10），经常（n= 6）混合，其中水体混合的平均2%，26%和75%的研究期间，分别。通常混合类别的水体较大（≥4.17公顷），并且随着风切应力的增加，分层减弱，这是“浅水湖”的特征。相比之下，较小的水体，或“池塘”，混合不太频繁，分层加强增加短波辐射。浅池（<0.74米）间歇性混合，由于对流冷却，白天的分层经常在一夜之间破裂。深度≥0.74 m的池塘很少或从未混合，可能是由于风能相对于与稍深水柱相关的较大密度梯度有限。降水事件削弱了分层，甚至在某些地点造成短期混合（数小时至数天）。通过研究一组广泛的浅水水体，我们表明，混合制度是高度敏感的非常小的差异，在大小和深度，生态和地球化学过程的潜在影响。最后，我们提出了一个新的框架来描述池塘和浅水湖泊的可变混合制度。
Lakes are classified by thermal mixing regimes, with shallow waterbodies historically categorized as continuously mixing systems. Yet, recent studies demonstrate extended summertime stratification in ponds, underscoring the need to reassess thermal classifications for shallow waterbodies. In this study, we examined the summertime thermal dynamics of 34 ponds and shallow lakes across temperate North America and Europe to categorize and identify the drivers of different mixing regimes. We identified three mixing regimes: rarely (n= 18), intermittently (n= 10), and often (n= 6) mixed, where waterbodies mixed an average of 2%, 26%, and 75% of the study period, respectively. Waterbodies in the often mixed category were larger (≥4.17 ha) and stratification weakened with increased wind shear stress, characteristic of “shallow lakes.” In contrast, smaller waterbodies, or “ponds,” mixed less frequently, and stratification strengthened with increased shortwave radiation. Shallow ponds (<0.74 m) mixed intermittently, with daytime stratification often breaking down overnight due to convective cooling. Ponds ≥0.74 m deep were rarely or never mixed, likely due to limited wind energy relative to the larger density gradients associated with slightly deeper water columns. Precipitation events weakened stratification, even causing short‐term mixing (hours to days) in some sites. By examining a broad set of shallow waterbodies, we show that mixing regimes are highly sensitive to very small differences in size and depth, with potential implications for ecological and biogeochemical processes. Ultimately, we propose a new framework to characterize the variable mixing regimes of ponds and shallow lakes.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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发表时间：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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