Foraging bumblebees acquire a preference for neonicotinoid-treated food with prolonged exposure.
Foraging bumblebees acquire a preference for neonicotinoid-treated food with prolonged exposure.
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觅食的大黄蜂在长时间接触新烟碱类处理过的食物时会产生偏好。
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2018.0655
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发表时间：
2018-08-29
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gill RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arce AN;Ramos Rodrigues A;Yu J;Colgan TJ;Wurm Y;Gill RJ
社会蜜蜂代表了一组重要的授粉昆虫，它们在处理或污染的开花植物上觅食时可能暴露于潜在有害的农药。为了调查这种暴露是否对蜜蜂有害，许多研究专门用添加农药的食物喂养个体，告诉我们这种危害，但不一定是暴露的风险。虽然这些研究对于确定对个人的生理和行为影响很重要，但它们没有考虑接触风险可能随时间而变化的可能性。例如，许多农药检测排除了对新型毒素的潜在行为适应，例如通过选择未受污染的食物来源来排斥有害化合物，从而在行为上降低了接触风险。在本文中，我们进行了一项实验，在10天内，熊蜂可以在一系列蔗糖饲料含有0，2和11十亿分之一的类烟碱农药噻虫嗪。这更接近模拟农药暴露在野外，让觅食的蜜蜂（一）经历了一个领域的现实范围内的农药浓度在一个长期的暴露期，（二）有重复的相互作用与农药在他们的环境中，和（三）保留社会线索与觅食使用整个殖民地。我们发现，随着时间的推移，访问农药掺杂的饲养者的比例增加，导致农药掺杂的蔗糖相对于未处理的蔗糖的消费量更大。在改变每个喂食器的空间位置后，觅食者继续优先访问含有农药的喂食器，这表明工人可以检测到噻虫嗪并改变他们的行为以继续喂食它。因此，在长期暴露于农药期间，对食用类烟碱处理过的食物的偏好增加增加了殖民地的暴露风险。我们的研究结果强调，除了简单地考虑觅食景观中农药污染的花卉资源的比例外，还需要将农药对觅食蜜蜂（以及潜在的其他昆虫传粉者）的吸引力结合起来。
Social bees represent an important group of pollinating insects that can be exposed to potentially harmful pesticides when foraging on treated or contaminated flowering plants. To investigate if such exposure is detrimental to bees, many studies have exclusively fed individuals with pesticide-spiked food, informing us about the hazard but not necessarily the risk of exposure. While such studies are important to establish the physiological and behavioural effects on individuals, they do not consider the possibility that the risk of exposure may change over time. For example, many pesticide assays exclude potential behavioural adaptations to novel toxins, such as rejection of harmful compounds by choosing to feed on an uncontaminated food source, thus behaviourally lowering the risk of exposure. In this paper, we conducted an experiment over 10 days in which bumblebees could forage on an array of sucrose feeders containing 0, 2 and 11 parts per billion of the neonicotinoid pesticide thiamethoxam. This more closely mimics pesticide exposure in the wild by allowing foraging bees to (i) experience a field realistic range of pesticide concentrations across a chronic exposure period, (ii) have repeated interactions with the pesticide in their environment, and (iii) retain the social cues associated with foraging by using whole colonies. We found that the proportion of visits to pesticide-laced feeders increased over time, resulting in greater consumption of pesticide-laced sucrose relative to untreated sucrose. After changing the spatial position of each feeder, foragers continued to preferentially visit the pesticide-laced feeders which indicates that workers can detect thiamethoxam and alter their behaviour to continue feeding on it. The increasing preference for consuming the neonicotinoid-treated food therefore increases the risk of exposure for the colony during prolonged pesticide exposure. Our results highlight the need to incorporate attractiveness of pesticides to foraging bees (and potentially other insect pollinators) in addition to simply considering the proportion of pesticide-contaminated floral resources within the foraging landscape.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Baracchi D;Marples A;Jenkins AJ;Leitch AR;Chittka L
通讯作者：
Chittka L
DOI：
10.1007/s00359-007-0260-8
发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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Sgolastra, Fabio