Combining chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA footprinting: a novel method to analyze protein-DNA interactions in vivo.
Combining chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA footprinting: a novel method to analyze protein-DNA interactions in vivo.
复制标题
结合染色质免疫沉淀和 DNA 足迹:一种分析体内蛋白质-DNA 相互作用的新方法。
DOI:
10.1093/nar/30.10.e44
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发表时间:
2002
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Bungert,Jörg
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kang,Sung-HaeLee;Vieira,Karen;Bungert,Jörg
A variety of methods are available to analyze protein–DNA interactionsin vivo. Two of the most prominent of these methods are chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) andin vivofootprinting. Both of these procedures have specific limitations. For example, the ChIP assay fails to document where exactly a protein bindsin vivo. The precipitation of a specific segment of DNA with antibodies directed against DNA-binding proteins does not necessarily indicate that the protein directly interacts with a sequence in the precipitate but could rather reflect protein–protein interactions. Furthermore, the results ofin vivofootprinting studies are inconclusive if a DNA sequence is analyzed that is bound by a specific protein in only a certain fraction of cells. Finally,in vivofootprinting does not indicate which protein is bound at a specific site. We have developed a new procedure that combines the ChIP assay and DMS footprinting techniques. Using this method we show here that antibodies specific for USF1 and NF-E2 precipitate the murine β-globin promoter in MEL cells. DMS footprinting analysis of the DNA precipitated with NF-E2 antibodies revealed a protection over a partial NF-E2-binding site in the β-globin downstream promoter region. We believe that this novel method will generally benefit investigators interested in analyzing protein–DNA interactionsin vivo.
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