Geometric Methods for Adjoint Systems

Geometric Methods for Adjoint Systems
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伴随系统的几何方法

DOI:
10.1007/s00332-023-09999-7
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Leok, Melvin
Leok, Melvin
中科院分区:
数学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tran, Brian Kha;Leok, Melvin

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伴随系统被广泛地用于由常微分方程或微分代数方程描述的系统的控制、优化和设计。在本文中,我们探讨的几何性质和发展的方法,这样的伴随系统。特别是,我们利用辛几何和前辛几何的常微分方程和微分代数方程,分别研究伴随系统的性质。我们发现,伴随变分二次守恒律,这是伴随灵敏度分析的关键,产生于(前)辛这样的伴随系统。我们讨论了伴随系统的各种额外的几何性质,如对称性和变分特征。对于与微分代数方程相关联的伴随系统,我们将微分代数方程的指数与Gotay等人(J Math Phys 19(11):2388-2399,1978)的前辛约束算法相关联。作为这个几何框架的应用,我们讨论了如何伴随变分二次守恒律可以用来计算终端或运行成本函数的灵敏度。此外,我们开发了结构保持数值方法,这样的系统使用伽辽金哈密顿变分积分(Leok和张在IMA J. Numer. Anal. 31(4):1497-1532,2011),其允许这些二次守恒律的离散类似物。我们还表明,这样的方法是自然的,在这个意义上说,减少,形成伴随系统,离散化所有的通勤,这些过程的适当选择。我们利用这种自然性,推导出变分误差分析结果的前辛变分积分,我们用来离散的伴随DAE系统。最后,我们讨论了伴随系统在最优控制问题中的应用,在那里我们证明了一个类似的自然结果。
Adjoint systems are widely used to inform control, optimization, and design in systems described by ordinary differential equations or differential-algebraic equations. In this paper, we explore the geometric properties and develop methods for such adjoint systems. In particular, we utilize symplectic and presymplectic geometry to investigate the properties of adjoint systems associated with ordinary differential equations and differential-algebraic equations, respectively. We show that the adjoint variational quadratic conservation laws, which are key to adjoint sensitivity analysis, arise from (pre)symplecticity of such adjoint systems. We discuss various additional geometric properties of adjoint systems, such as symmetries and variational characterizations. For adjoint systems associated with a differential-algebraic equation, we relate the index of the differential-algebraic equation to the presymplectic constraint algorithm of Gotay et al. (J Math Phys 19(11):2388–2399, 1978). As an application of this geometric framework, we discuss how the adjoint variational quadratic conservation laws can be used to compute sensitivities of terminal or running cost functions. Furthermore, we develop structure-preserving numerical methods for such systems using Galerkin Hamiltonian variational integrators (Leok and Zhang in IMA J. Numer. Anal. 31(4):1497–1532, 2011) which admit discrete analogues of these quadratic conservation laws. We additionally show that such methods are natural, in the sense that reduction, forming the adjoint system, and discretization all commute, for suitable choices of these processes. We utilize this naturality to derive a variational error analysis result for the presymplectic variational integrator that we use to discretize the adjoint DAE system. Finally, we discuss the application of adjoint systems in the context of optimal control problems, where we prove a similar naturality result.
具有对称性的最优控制理论的几何约简
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影响因子: 6.8
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