Structural adaptation of extreme halophilic proteins through decrease of conserved hydrophobic contact surface.
Structural adaptation of extreme halophilic proteins through decrease of conserved hydrophobic contact surface.
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DOI：
10.1186/1472-6807-11-50
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发表时间：
2011-12-22
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pascarella S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Siglioccolo A;Paiardini A;Piscitelli M;Pascarella S
嗜盐微生物是在高盐浓度下生长最适宜的极端微生物。嗜盐菌有两种策略来维持细胞质中适当的渗透压：积累摩尔浓度的钾和氯，并广泛适应细胞内的大分子(“盐分”策略)或生物合成和/或积累有机渗透溶质(“渗透分子”策略)。我们的工作旨在通过对嗜盐和非嗜盐蛋白质的几种三维结构进行详细和系统的比较，有助于理解蛋白质卤代适应的共同分子机制。观察到的“盐溶”和中温同源蛋白之间的结构差异与“渗透分子”和中温对之间的结构差异形成了对比。结果表明，在存在摩尔盐浓度而不是渗透分子的情况下，卤素适应策略需要减弱疏水相互作用，特别是在保守的疏水接触水平上。这些相互作用的减弱抵消了溶液中盐的存在对它们的加强，并可能有助于防止在高盐环境中聚集和/或功能丧失的结构。考虑到嗜盐菌在生物技术中应用的显著增加，对嗜盐性的了解可以为设计具有重大意义的蛋白质提供理论基础，因为它在引起大多数大分子变性或聚集的盐的浓度下稳定。
Halophiles are extremophilic microorganisms growing optimally at high salt concentrations. There are two strategies used by halophiles to maintain proper osmotic pressure in their cytoplasm: accumulation of molar concentrations of potassium and chloride with extensive adaptation of the intracellular macromolecules ("salt-in" strategy) or biosynthesis and/or accumulation of organic osmotic solutes ("osmolyte" strategy). Our work was aimed at contributing to the understanding of the shared molecular mechanisms of protein haloadaptation through a detailed and systematic comparison of a sample of several three-dimensional structures of halophilic and non-halophilic proteins. Structural differences observed between the "salt-in" and the mesophilic homologous proteins were contrasted to those observed between the "osmolyte" and mesophilic pairs. The results suggest that haloadaptation strategy in the presence of molar salt concentration, but not of osmolytes, necessitates a weakening of the hydrophobic interactions, in particular at the level of conserved hydrophobic contacts. Weakening of these interactions counterbalances their strengthening by the presence of salts in solution and may help the structure preventing aggregation and/or loss of function in hypersaline environments. Considering the significant increase of biotechnology applications of halophiles, the understanding of halophilicity can provide the theoretical basis for the engineering of proteins of great interest because stable at concentrations of salts that cause the denaturation or aggregation of the majority of macromolecules.
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