Effects of needleleaf forest cover on radiation and snowmelt dynamics in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
Effects of needleleaf forest cover on radiation and snowmelt dynamics in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
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加拿大落基山脉针叶林覆盖对辐射和融雪动态的影响
DOI：
10.1139/x10-227
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Ellis C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellis C
辐射是山区针叶林积雪变暖和融化的主要能量来源，这些森林的径流是北美西部春季河流流量的主要贡献者。利用广泛的实地观测，针叶林覆盖对辐射和融雪时间的影响进行了量化，在松树和云杉林的网站和附近的空地不同的坡度和方面在加拿大东部落基山脉河源盆地。与开放的清除网站相比，短波辐射大大减少森林覆盖下，导致较小的差异，相对于开放的斜坡，不同方面的森林斜坡之间的融化时间。相比之下，长波辐射雪下森林覆盖大大增强，特别是在密集的云杉林站点长波辐射占主导地位的总能量融雪。在松树和云杉的环境中，森林覆盖采取行动，大大减少总辐射雪和延迟融雪时间朝南的斜坡，同时增加总辐射和提前融雪时间朝北的斜坡。结果强烈表明，辐射的影响，雪和融雪时间从山区森林覆盖的变化将在很大程度上取决于坡度和方面的变化发生。
Radiation is the main energy source for snowpack warming and melt in mountain needleleaf forests, and runoff from these forests is the main contributor to spring river flows in western North America. Utilizing extensive field observations, the effect of needleleaf forest cover on radiation and snowmelt timing was quantified at pine and spruce forest sites and nearby clearings of varying slope and aspect in an eastern Canadian Rocky Mountain headwater basin. Compared with open clearing sites, shortwave radiation was much reduced under forest cover, resulting in smaller differences in melt timing between forested slopes relative to open slopes with different aspects. In contrast, longwave radiation to snow was substantially enhanced under forest cover, especially at the dense spruce forest sites where longwave radiation dominated total energy for snowmelt. In both pine and spruce environments, forest cover acted to substantially reduce total radiation to snow and delay snowmelt timing on south-facing slopes while increasing total radiation and advancing snowmelt timing on north-facing slopes. Results strongly suggest that impacts on radiation to snow and snowmelt timing from changes in mountain forest cover will depend much on the slope and aspect at which changes occur.
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