Time-Space Tradeoffs and Short Collisions in Merkle-Damgård Hash Functions
Time-Space Tradeoffs and Short Collisions in Merkle-Damgård Hash Functions
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Merkle-Damgård 哈希函数中的时空权衡和短碰撞
DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-56784-2_6
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wee, Hoeteck
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文献类型:
--
作者:
NLN, Akshima;Cash, David;Drucker, Andrew;Wee, Hoeteck
We study collision-finding against Merkle-DamgÃĨrd hashing in the random-oracle model by adversaries with an arbitrary S-bit auxiliary advice input about the random oracle and T queries. Recent work showed that such adversaries can find collisions (with respect to a random IV) with advantage ð š(ð ð 2/2ð ) , where n is the output length, beating the birthday bound by a factor of S. These attacks were shown to be optimal. We observe that the collisions produced are very long, on the order of T blocks, which would limit their practical relevance. We prove several results related to improving these attacks to find shorter collisions. We first exhibit a simple attack for finding B-block-long collisions achieving advantage ð šĖ (ð ð ð ĩ/2ð ) . We then study if this attack is optimal. We show that the prior technique based on the bit-fixing model (used for the ð ð 2/2ð bound) provably cannot reach this bound, and towards a general result we prove there are qualitative jumps in the optimal attacks for finding length 1, length 2, and unbounded-length collisions. Namely, the optimal attacks achieve (up to logarithmic factors) on the order of (ð +ð )/2ð , ð ð /2ð and ð ð 2/2ð advantage. We also give an upper bound on the advantage of a restricted class of short-collision finding attacks via a new analysis on the growth of trees in random functional graphs that may be of independent interest.
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DOI:
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
2011 IEEE 26th Annual Conference on Computational Complexity
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期刊:
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