The role of maternal obesity in the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders.
The role of maternal obesity in the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2015.00194
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Sullivan EL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rivera HM;Christiansen KJ;Sullivan EL
近期证据表明，围产期暴露于母亲肥胖、包括糖尿病和高血压在内的代谢疾病以及不健康的母亲饮食，对后代的行为和生理有长期影响。在过去的三十年中，肥胖和神经精神疾病的患病率迅速上升。流行病学研究提供的证据表明，母亲肥胖和代谢并发症会增加后代患注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）、自闭症谱系障碍、焦虑、抑郁、精神分裂症、饮食失调（食物成瘾、神经性厌食症和神经性贪食症）以及认知障碍的风险。母亲高脂肪饮食（HFD）诱导肥胖的动物模型也记录了后代行为的持续变化以及关键神经回路的损伤。暴露于母亲肥胖和高脂肪饮食的动物表现出多动、社交行为受损、焦虑样和抑郁样行为增加、物质成瘾、食物成瘾以及认知能力下降。在发育过程中，这些后代暴露于升高水平的营养物质（脂肪酸、葡萄糖）、激素（瘦素、胰岛素）和炎症因子（C - 反应蛋白、白细胞介素和肿瘤坏死因子）。这些因素似乎永久性地改变了后代的神经内分泌调节和大脑发育。此外，妊娠期后代大脑的炎症会损害对行为调节至关重要的神经通路的发育，如血清素能、多巴胺能和黑皮质素能系统。这些回路的失调增加了心理健康障碍的风险。鉴于大多数发达国家的肥胖率很高，彻底阐明母亲肥胖影响后代行为的机制至关重要。这些知识对于制定预防策略和治疗干预措施至关重要。
Recent evidence indicates that perinatal exposure to maternal obesity, metabolic disease, including diabetes and hypertension, and unhealthy maternal diet has a long-term impact on offspring behavior and physiology. During the past three decades, the prevalence of both obesity and neuropsychiatric disorders has rapidly increased. Epidemiologic studies provide evidence that maternal obesity and metabolic complications increase the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, eating disorders (food addiction, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa), and impairments in cognition in offspring. Animal models of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity also document persistent changes in offspring behavior and impairments in critical neural circuitry. Animals exposed to maternal obesity and HFD consumption display hyperactivity, impairments in social behavior, increased anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, substance addiction, food addiction, and diminished cognition. During development, these offspring are exposed to elevated levels of nutrients (fatty acids, glucose), hormones (leptin, insulin), and inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, interleukin, and tumor necrosis factor). Such factors appear to permanently change neuroendocrine regulation and brain development in offspring. In addition, inflammation of the offspring brain during gestation impairs the development of neural pathways critical in the regulation of behavior, such as serotoninergic, dopaminergic, and melanocortinergic systems. Dysregulation of these circuits increases the risk of mental health disorders. Given the high rates of obesity in most developed nations, it is critical that the mechanisms by which maternal obesity programs offspring behavior are thoroughly characterized. Such knowledge will be critical in the development of preventative strategies and therapeutic interventions.
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DOI：
10.1177/070674371205700705
发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2008-11-12
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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