Microbial characteristics of soils depending on the human impact on archaeological sites in the Northern Caucasus
Microbial characteristics of soils depending on the human impact on archaeological sites in the Northern Caucasus
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土壤微生物特征取决于人类对北高加索考古遗址的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2013.11.020
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
H.H. Thiemeyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Peters;A.V. Borisov;S. Reinhold;D.S. Korobov;H.H. Thiemeyer
史前聚落中的人为影响导致土壤微生物群落发生了相当大的变化，这取决于人类活动的强度和特征。本文以俄罗斯北高加索高山地区的一个青铜时代晚期聚落为例进行研究。该网站代表了一个社区，据推测，该社区专门从事集约化的牲畜放牧。对过去受人类活动影响的聚落土和未改性背景土进行了采样和研究。特别令人感兴趣的是土壤微生物群落的差异，预计这表明该地点存在不同的活动和动物。通过测定微生物总生物量、呼吸活性、真菌菌丝体生物量和深色菌丝的比例，以及嗜角蛋白真菌的数量状态，发现不同聚居地的微生物特性差异很大，与考古遗址外的参比土壤形成鲜明对比。培养层中活性代谢微生物所占比例较高，而微生物总生物量明显低于周围未改性土壤。改变微生物呼吸活动的一个决定因素，无论是质的还是量的，都是过去各种人类活动在地下积累的有机物质的组成。培养层含有微生物，当添加葡萄糖时，微生物可以重新激活。相比之下，在史前聚居地周围未经人类改造的土壤中，97%的细胞无法重新激活。根据所研究的培养层和未改性土壤的真菌学特征，特别是真菌菌丝的总生物量、深色真菌生物量和角蛋白分解土壤真菌的存在，给出了活动区域及其具体用途的详细信息。生物指标的使用不仅可以诊断土壤中的人为影响，而且可以大大补充对定居点活动区文化层的描述，明确它们的目的。本文介绍了微生物学分析的应用，并讨论了这种方法作为一种非破坏性的考古遗址勘探方法的潜力。
Anthropogenic impact in prehistoric settlements results in a considerable alteration of soil microbial communities depending on intensity and the character of human activities. This paper present a case study from a Late Bronze Age settlement located in the high-mountain part of the North Caucasus (Russia). The site represents a community, which presumably specialized in intensive livestock herding. Samples from settlement soils anthropogenically affected in the past and unmodified background soils were taken and studied. Of particular interest were divergences in soil microbial communities, expected to indicate different activities and animal presence in the site. The total microbial biomass, their respiratory activity, the biomass of fungal mycelium and the proportion of dark-colored hyphae were determined, as well as the quantitative state of keratinophilic fungi.The microbial characteristics vary considerably within the settlement locations, and contrast sharply with the reference soils exterior to the archaeological site. The cultural layer has higher percentage of active metabolizing microorganisms, whereas the total microbiological biomass is considerably lower than in the unmodified soils from the surroundings. A determining factor to transform the respiratory activity of microorganisms, in both qualitative and quantitative aspects, is the composition of the organic material which has been accumulated in the ground as a result of various human activities in the past. The cultural layers contain microorganisms, which can be reactivated when glucose is added. In the anthropogenically unmodified soils surrounding the prehistoric settlement, in contrast, 97% of the cells cannot be reactivated. Based on the mycological characteristics of the studied cultural layers and unmodified soils, in particular with regard to the total biomass of fungi mycelium, the dark pigmented fungal biomass, and the existence of keratin-decomposing soil fungi, detailed information about activity areas and their specific usage is given. The use of bio-indicators allows not only diagnosing anthropogenic impact in soils as such, but also significantly complements description of cultural layers of activity areas in the settlement, specifying their purpose. The paper presents the microbiological analyses applied and, moreover, discusses the potential of this approach as a non-destructive prospecting method on archaeological sites.
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1080/00362177885380121
发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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