Eukaryotic core promoters and the functional basis of transcription initiation.
Eukaryotic core promoters and the functional basis of transcription initiation.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41580-018-0028-8
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发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stark A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haberle V;Stark A
RNA聚合酶II（Pol II）核心启动子是位于蛋白质编码基因和非编码基因的转录起始位点的特化DNA序列，其支持转录机器的组装和转录起始。它们通过选择性地接收和整合来自远端增强子和相关调控蛋白的调控信号，使基因的转录受到高度调控。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了基因核心启动子的定义属性，包括它们的序列特征，染色质结构和转录起始模式。我们提供了一个概述的核心启动子的功能和调节及其新兴的功能多样性，定义不同的转录程序的分子机制。基于基因核心启动子的既定特性，我们讨论了增强子内的转录起始位点，并整合了从专用功能测定中获得的最新结果，提出了转录起始的功能模型。这个模型可以解释的性质和功能的转录起始在基因的起始和增强子和不同的功能作用的核心启动子，RNA聚合酶II及其相关的因素和激活的线索所提供的增强子和转录因子和辅因子，他们招募。
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) core promoters are specialized DNA sequences at transcription start sites of protein-coding and non-coding genes that support the assembly of the transcription machinery and transcription initiation. They enable the highly regulated transcription of genes by selectively receiving and integrating regulatory cues from distal enhancers and associated regulatory proteins. In this Review we discuss the defining properties of gene core promoters, including their sequence features, chromatin architecture, and transcription initiation patterns. We provide an overview of molecular mechanisms underlying the function and regulation of core promoters and their emerging functional diversity, which defines distinct transcription programmes. Based on the established properties of gene core promoters, we discuss transcription start sites within enhancers and integrate recent results obtained from dedicated functional assays to propose a functional model of transcription initiation. This model can explain the nature and function of transcription initiation at gene starts and at enhancers and the different functional roles of core promoters, of RNA polymerase II and its associated factors and of the activating cues provided by enhancers and the transcription factors and cofactors they recruit.
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