Are there foetal extracellular vesicles in maternal blood? Prospects for diagnostic biomarker discovery.
Are there foetal extracellular vesicles in maternal blood? Prospects for diagnostic biomarker discovery.
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孕产妇血液中是否有胎儿细胞外囊泡？诊断生物标志物发现的前景。
DOI：
10.1007/s00109-022-02278-0
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Dykes, Iain M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adamova, Petra;Lotto, Robyn R.;Powell, Andrew K.;Dykes, Iain M.
产前诊断先天性疾病可改善临床结果；然而，多达50%的先天性心脏病病例被目前的超声筛查方法遗漏。这表明需要改进筛选技术。近年来，细胞外囊泡（EVs）因其在诊断方面的潜力而引起了人们的极大兴趣。EVs介导健康和疾病中的内分泌信号，并调节胚胎发育的各个方面。在这里，我们批判性地评估了最近的证据，这些证据表明，从胎儿释放的ev能够穿过胎盘进入母体循环。此外，来自母亲的电动汽车似乎以相反的方向运输，而胎盘本身充当电动汽车的来源。实验工作利用啮齿类动物模型，采用转基因编码的报告或荧光跟踪染料的应用，提供了令人信服的证据，证明胎儿-母体的串扰。临床数据显示母体血液中有胎盘源性ev的表达，以及胎儿源性ev存在的有限证据支持了这一点。总之，这项工作提出了一种可能性，即母体血液中存在的胎儿ev可用于先天性疾病的诊断。我们讨论了研究人员在将这些基础科学发现转化为临床无创产前检查时所面临的挑战。
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital disease improves clinical outcomes; however, as many as 50% of congenital heart disease cases are missed by current ultrasound screening methods. This indicates a need for improved screening technology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted enormous interest in recent years for their potential in diagnostics. EVs mediate endocrine signalling in health and disease and are known to regulate aspects of embryonic development. Here, we critically evaluate recent evidence suggesting that EVs released from the foetus are able to cross the placenta and enter the maternal circulation. Furthermore, EVs from the mother appear to be transported in the reverse direction, whilst the placenta itself acts as a source of EVs. Experimental work utilising rodent models employing either transgenically encoded reporters or application of fluorescent tracking dyes provide convincing evidence of foetal-maternal crosstalk. This is supported by clinical data demonstrating expression of placental-origin EVs in maternal blood, as well as limited evidence for the presence of foetal-origin EVs. Together, this work raises the possibility that foetal EVs present in maternal blood could be used for the diagnosis of congenital disease. We discuss the challenges faced by researchers in translating these basic science findings into a clinical non-invasive prenatal test.
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