Differences in flavourant levels and synthetic coolant use between USA, EU and Canadian Juul products.
Differences in flavourant levels and synthetic coolant use between USA, EU and Canadian Juul products.
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055500
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发表时间：
2020-04-27
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Zimmerman JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erythropel HC;Anastas PT;Krishnan-Sarin S;O'Malley SS;Jordt SE;Zimmerman JB
“Juul”是美国主要的电子烟品牌，最近被引入加拿大、英国、法国、德国和意大利，在各国都有几种口味。美国/加拿大产品的尼古丁含量为5%、3%和1.5%（仅加拿大），而欧盟（EU）法规将尼古丁含量限制为1.7%。不同的尼古丁含量提出了一个问题，即各国之间的味道特征和Juul设备功率输出是否不同。我们于2019年购买了来自所有六个国家的“薄荷”、“香草”和“芒果”电子液体，并通过GC/MS分析其主要香料和尼古丁含量。此外，还比较了从各个国家购买的器械的器械功率规格。来自美国和加拿大的Juul电子液体的成分与欧盟销售的液体相同，但不同，其中主要香料浓度明显较低。EU Juul 'Mint'电子液体含有美国/加拿大产品中不存在的合成冷却剂N-乙基-对薄荷烷-3-甲酰胺（WS-3）。美国/加拿大的“芒果”电子液体含有柠檬酸三乙酯，一种乳化剂。尼古丁含量与标签信息匹配，器械具有相同的功率规格。经过测试的美国/加拿大Juul电子液体的味道浓度高于欧盟产品，这可能反映了对用户偏好的适应。在欧盟，“薄荷”电子液体，薄荷醇部分被合成冷却剂WS-3取代，该冷却剂具有像薄荷醇一样的冷却效果，但没有其独特的“薄荷”气味。WS-3的吸入安全性尚不清楚。在美国/加拿大“芒果”Juul电子液体中使用乳化剂可能是必要的，以保持产品均匀。各国之间的设备功率规格相似，表明尼古丁气雾剂输送可能与电子液体尼古丁含量成比例。
‘Juul’ is the dominant US e-cigarette brand and was recently introduced to Canada, UK, France, Germany and Italy, with several flavours available across countries. US/Canadian products are sold with 5%, 3% and 1.5% (Canada only) nicotine content, whereas European Union (EU) regulation limits nicotine content to 1.7%. The differential nicotine content raises the question if flavour profiles and Juul device power output differ between countries. ‘Mint’, ‘Vanilla’ and ‘Mango’ e-liquids from all six countries were purchased in 2019 and analysed by GC/MS for their principal flavourant and nicotine content. In addition, device power specifications were compared for devices purchased from the respective countries. Compositions of Juul e-liquids from the USA and Canada were identical and differed from the EU-marketed liquids, in which principal flavourant concentrations were significantly lower. EU Juul ‘Mint’ e-liquids contained a synthetic coolant, N-ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide (WS-3), absent in US/Canadian products. US/Canadian ‘Mango’ e-liquid contained triethyl-citrate, an emulsifier. Nicotine contents matched label information, and devices had identical power specifications. Tested US/Canadian Juul e-liquids contained higher flavour concentrations than EU products, likely reflecting adaptation to user preferences. In EU, ‘Mint’ e-liquid, menthol is partially substituted with the synthetic coolant WS-3 that elicits a cooling effect like menthol but lacks its distinct ‘minty’ odour. The inhalational safety of WS-3 is unknown. The use of an emulsifier in US/Canadian ‘Mango’ Juul e-liquid may be necessary to keep the product homogeneous. Similar power specifications of devices between countries suggest that nicotine aerosol delivery is likely proportional to the e-liquid nicotine content.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Paschke, Meike;Tkachenko, Anna;Luch, Andreas
通讯作者：
Luch, Andreas
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Willis, Daniel N.;Liu, Boyi;Morris, John B.
通讯作者：
Morris, John B.
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Erythropel, Hanno C.;Jabba, Sairam V.;Zimmerman, Julie B.
通讯作者：
Zimmerman, Julie B.