The Functional Role of Olfactory Bulb Granule Cell Subtypes Derived From Embryonic and Postnatal Neurogenesis.

The Functional Role of Olfactory Bulb Granule Cell Subtypes Derived From Embryonic and Postnatal Neurogenesis.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnmol.2018.00229
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Tsuboi A
Tsuboi A
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Takahashi H;Yoshihara S;Tsuboi A

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研究表明,多种哺乳动物物种的感觉体验可以调节各种结构的发育,包括视网膜、皮质、海马体和嗅球 (OB)。在哺乳动物的 OB 中,兴奋性投射神经元(例如二尖瓣细胞和簇状细胞)中树突的发育众所周知取决于气味体验。气味体验还参与另一个 OB 群体的发育,这是抑制性中间神经元的一个子集,在整个生命过程中在心室-心室下区产生并分化为颗粒细胞 (GC) 和肾小球周围细胞。然而,每种类型的中间神经元在控制嗅觉行为中所起的作用尚不完全清楚。我们最近发现,在各种类型的 OB 中间神经元中,表达癌胚滋养层糖蛋白 5T4 基因的 GC 亚型是气味检测和辨别行为所必需的。我们的结果表明,胚胎出生的 OB 中间神经元,包括 5T4 阳性 GC,在基本嗅觉反应(例如简单的气味检测和辨别行为)中发挥着至关重要的作用。相比之下,出生后和成人出生的 OB 中间神经元对于学习更复杂的嗅觉行为非常重要。在这里,我们重点介绍 OB GC 的亚型,并讨论它们在嗅觉处理和行为中的作用,特别关注啮齿类动物胚胎和出生后产生的 GC 子集的相对贡献。
It has been shown in a variety of mammalian species that sensory experience can regulate the development of various structures, including the retina, cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb (OB). In the mammalian OB, the development of dendrites in excitatory projection neurons, such as mitral and tufted cells, is well known to be dependent on odor experience. Odor experience is also involved in the development of another OB population, a subset of inhibitory interneurons that are generated in the ventricular-subventricular zone throughout life and differentiate into granule cells (GCs) and periglomerular cells. However, the roles that each type of interneuron plays in the control of olfactory behaviors are incompletely understood. We recently found that among the various types of OB interneurons, a subtype of GCs expressing the oncofetal trophoblast glycoprotein 5T4 gene is required for odor detection and discrimination behaviors. Our results suggest that embryonic-born OB interneurons, including 5T4-positive GCs, play a crucial role in fundamental olfactory responses such as simple odor detection and discrimination behaviors. By contrast, postnatal- and adult-born OB interneurons are important in the learning of more complicated olfactory behaviors. Here, we highlight the subtypes of OB GCs, and discuss their roles in olfactory processing and behavior, with a particular focus on the relative contributions of embryonically and postnatally generated subsets of GCs in rodents.
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