Public Interest and Accessibility of Telehealth in Japan: Retrospective Analysis Using Google Trends and National Surveillance.
Public Interest and Accessibility of Telehealth in Japan: Retrospective Analysis Using Google Trends and National Surveillance.
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DOI：
10.2196/36525
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发表时间：
2022-09-14
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Nakao, Kazuhiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kinoshita, Takuya;Matsumoto, Takehiro;Taura, Naota;Usui, Tetsuya;Matsuya, Nemu;Nishiguchi, Mayumi;Horita, Hozumi;Nakao, Kazuhiko
关键词：
最近，在COVID-19大流行下使用远程医疗治疗患者引起了世界各地的兴趣。因此，报告了许多使用Google Trends等网络资源的信息学和信息传播学研究，重点关注COVID-19大流行的第一波。尽管在此期间，许多国家的公众对远程保健的兴趣有所增加，但生活在日本的人们对远程保健的长期兴趣仍然一无所知。此外，在COVID-19时代，各种移动的远程医疗应用程序已可用于偏远地区，但这些应用程序在流行地区与非流行地区的可访问性尚不清楚。本研究的第一部分旨在调查第一波大流行期间和之后公众对远程医疗的兴趣，第二部分调查流行和非流行地区使用远程医疗的医疗机构的可及性。我们使用Google Trends和日本厚生劳动省（JMHLW）数据等公开来源，对第一波和第二波的重症病例、死亡人数、远程医疗和COVID-19的相对搜索量（RSV）以及RSV和COVID-19病例之间的相关性进行了检查和比较。RSV和COVID-19病例的每周平均数和周间变化率用于检查相关系数。在第二部分中，使用JMHLW数据，比较了流行地区和非流行地区的COVID-19病例、重症病例、死亡人数和远程医疗可及性。我们还研究了远程医疗可及性与COVID-19病例流行率之间的区域相关性。在有5波大流行的83周中，远程医疗和COVID-19的RSV总体平均值分别为11.3（95%CI 8.0-14.6）和30.7（95%CI 27.2-34.2）。严重病例比例（26.54% vs 18.16%; P<.001），死亡（5.33% vs 0.99%; P<.001），远程医疗的RSV（平均值33.1，95% CI 16.2-50.0 vs平均值7.3，95% CI 6.7-8.0; P<.001），以及COVID-19的RSV（平均值52.1，95% CI 38.3-65.9 vs平均值26.3，95% CI 24.4-29.2; P<0.001）在第一波中显著高于波后。在相关性分析中，公众对远程医疗的兴趣在第一波中为0.899，总体为-0.300。在日本，使用移动的应用程序的远程医疗的可及性在流行地区显著高于非流行地区，无论是医院（3.8% vs 2.0%; P= 0.004）还是普通诊所（5.2% vs 3.1%; P<0.001）。在区域相关性分析中，使用移动的应用程序的远程医疗可及性在医院为0.497，在普通诊所为0.629。尽管公众对远程医疗的兴趣与COVID-19之间没有长期相关性，但日本的移动的远程医疗应用程序可访问性之间存在区域相关性，特别是对于普通诊所。我们还发现，流行地区的移动的远程医疗应用程序可访问性更高。有必要进一步研究远程医疗的实际使用情况及其在COVID-19疫情后的影响。
Recently, the use of telehealth for patient treatment under the COVID-19 pandemic has gained interest around the world. As a result, many infodemiology and infoveillance studies using web-based sources such as Google Trends were reported, focusing on the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although public interest in telehealth has increased in many countries during this time, the long-term interest has remained unknown among people living in Japan. Moreover, various mobile telehealth apps have become available for remote areas in the COVID-19 era, but the accessibility of these apps in epidemic versus nonepidemic regions is unknown. We aimed to investigate the public interest in telehealth during the first pandemic wave and after the wave in the first part of this study, and the accessibility of medical institutions using telehealth in the epidemic and nonepidemic regions, in the second part. We examined and compared the first wave and after the wave with regards to severe cases, number of deaths, relative search volume (RSV) of telehealth and COVID-19, and the correlation between RSV and COVID-19 cases, using open sources such as Google Trends and the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (JMHLW) data. The weekly mean and the week-over-week change rates of RSV and COVID-19 cases were used to examine the correlation coefficients. In the second part, the prevalence of COVID-19 cases, severe cases, number of deaths, and the telehealth accessibility rate were compared between epidemic regions and nonepidemic regions, using the JMHLW data. We also examined the regional correlation between telehealth accessibility and the prevalence of COVID-19 cases. Among the 83 weeks with 5 pandemic waves, the overall mean for the RSV of telehealth and COVID-19 was 11.3 (95% CI 8.0-14.6) and 30.7 (95% CI 27.2-34.2), respectively. The proportion of severe cases (26.54% vs 18.16%; P<.001), deaths (5.33% vs 0.99%; P<.001), RSV of telehealth (mean 33.1, 95% CI 16.2-50.0 vs mean 7.3, 95% CI 6.7-8.0; P<.001), and RSV of COVID-19 (mean 52.1, 95% CI 38.3-65.9 vs mean 26.3, 95% CI 24.4-29.2; P<.001) was significantly higher in the first wave compared to after the wave. In the correlation analysis, the public interest in telehealth was 0.899 in the first wave and –0.300 overall. In Japan, the accessibility of telehealth using mobile apps was significantly higher in epidemic regions compared to nonepidemic regions in both hospitals (3.8% vs 2.0%; P=.004) and general clinics (5.2% vs 3.1%; P<.001). In the regional correlation analysis, telehealth accessibility using mobile apps was 0.497 in hospitals and 0.629 in general clinics. Although there was no long-term correlation between the public interest in telehealth and COVID-19, there was a regional correlation between mobile telehealth app accessibility in Japan, especially for general clinics. We also revealed that epidemic regions had higher mobile telehealth app accessibility. Further studies about the actual use of telehealth and its effect after the COVID-19 pandemic are necessary.
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