Nicotine promotes the utility of short-term memory during visual search in macaque monkeys
Nicotine promotes the utility of short-term memory during visual search in macaque monkeys
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尼古丁促进猕猴视觉搜索过程中短期记忆的效用
DOI：
10.1007/s00213-022-06186-6
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Tanaka Masaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sawagashira Ryo;Tanaka Masaki
理由中枢胆碱能系统是恢复认知功能的主要治疗靶点。虽然已知操纵胆碱能信号可以改变工作记忆（WM），但其潜在机制尚不清楚。人们普遍认为，WM由多个功能模块组成，一个功能模块存储短时记忆，另一个功能模块对短时记忆进行操作和利用。最近开发的视觉搜索任务和相关模型可用于评估乙酰胆碱受体（AChR）相关物质给药期间WM的多个组成部分。目的观察在动眼性觅食任务中，全身给药achr相关药物对WM和眼动的影响。方法对3只执行任务的猴子肌肉注射生理盐水或以下AChR相关药物：尼古丁（24或56 μg/kg）、甲胺（烟碱AChR拮抗剂，1.0 mg/kg）、氧tremorine（毒蕈碱AChR激动剂，3.0 μg/kg）和东莨菪碱（毒蕈碱AChR拮抗剂，20 μg/kg）。这项任务是通过眼球运动在6秒内从15个相同的物体中找到一个目标。根据包含三个参数的觅食模型对数据进行分析。结果尼古丁和甲胺可显著提高短期记忆的效用，但对短期记忆容量无显著影响，而毒菌碱类achr相关药物对WM参数无显著影响。进一步的混合效应模型回归分析表明，在考虑眼动变异性后，尼古丁对记忆效用的有益作用仍然存在，但甲美胺的有益作用消失了。结论尼古丁改善视觉搜索，主要是通过增加短期记忆的效用，而眼球运动参数的变化很小。
RationaleThe central cholinergic system is a major therapeutic target for restoring cognitive functions. Although manipulation of cholinergic signaling is known to alter working memory (WM), the underlying mechanism remains unclear. It is widely accepted that WM consists of multiple functional modules, one storing short-term memory and the other manipulating and utilizing it. A recently developed visual search task and a relevant model can be used to assess multiple components of WM during administration of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)–related substances.ObjectivesThe effects of systemic administration of AChR-related agents on WM and eye movements were examined during the oculomotor foraging task.MethodsThree monkeys performing the task received an intramuscular injection of saline or the following AChR-related agents: nicotine (24 or 56 μg/kg), mecamylamine (nicotinic AChR antagonist, 1.0 mg/kg), oxotremorine (muscarinic AChR agonist, 3.0 µg/kg), and scopolamine (muscarinic AChR antagonist, 20 μg/kg). The task was to find a target among 15 identical objects by making eye movements within 6 s. The data were analyzed according to the foraging model that incorporated three parameters.ResultsNicotine and mecamylamine significantly increased the utility but not the capacity of short-term memory, while muscarinic AChR-related agents did not alter any WM parameters. Further regression analyses with a mixed-effect model showed that the beneficial effect of nicotine on memory utility remained after considering eye movement variability, but the beneficial effect of mecamylamine disappeared.ConclusionsNicotine improves visual search, mainly by increasing the utility of short-term memory, with minimal changes in oculomotor parameters.
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