Influenza surveillance among outpatients and inpatients in Morocco, 1996-2009.
Influenza surveillance among outpatients and inpatients in Morocco, 1996-2009.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0024579
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
El Aouad R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barakat A;Ihazmad H;Benkaroum S;Cherkaoui I;Benmamoun A;Youbi M;El Aouad R
关于非洲流感流行病学的信息有限。我们描述了1996年至2009年摩洛哥流感的流行病学和季节性，特别强调了2007-2008年和2008-2009年的流感季节。2007年推出的增强型监测系统的成功和挑战也进行了讨论。摩洛哥于1996年开始对流感病毒进行病毒学哨点监测，利用私人执业医师网络收集流感样疾病（ILI）门诊患者的口咽和鼻咽拭子。多年来，监测网络不断扩大，以包括在医院出现严重急性呼吸道疾病的住院患者以及ILI和急性呼吸道感染的综合征监测。从符合条件的患者中收集呼吸道样本和结构化问卷，并通过免疫荧光测定和流感病毒分离对样本进行检测。1996 - 2009年共采集呼吸道标本6465份，其中2007-2009年采集3102份。其中，2249例（72%）来自ILI患者，853例（27%）来自SARI患者。在3，102名患者中，98名（3%）患有实验室确诊的流感，其中85名（87%）患有ILI，13名（13%）患有SARI。在ILI患者中，实验室确诊的流感发生在5岁以下儿童中的比例最高（3/169; 2007-2008年为2%，23/271; 2008-2009年为9%）和25-59岁的患者（8/440; 2007-2009年为2%; 21/483; 2008-2009年为4%）。所有SARI流感患者均小于14岁。在所有监测年中，流感病毒的传播都是季节性的，在10月至4月的冬季达到高峰。在摩洛哥，流感导致轻度和重度呼吸道感染，在5岁及5岁以下儿童因严重呼吸道疾病而住院的所有病例中占很大比例。
There is limited information about the epidemiology of influenza in Africa. We describe the epidemiology and seasonality of influenza in Morocco from 1996 to 2009 with particular emphasis on the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 influenza seasons. Successes and challenges of the enhanced surveillance system introduced in 2007 are also discussed. Virologic sentinel surveillance for influenza virus was initiated in Morocco in 1996 using a network of private practitioners that collected oro-pharyngeal and naso-pharyngeal swabs from outpatients presenting with influenza-like-illness (ILI). The surveillance network expanded over the years to include inpatients presenting with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) at hospitals and syndromic surveillance for ILI and acute respiratory infection (ARI). Respiratory samples and structured questionnaires were collected from eligible patients, and samples were tested by immunofluorescence assays and by viral isolation for influenza viruses. We obtained a total of 6465 respiratory specimens during 1996 to 2009, of which, 3102 were collected during 2007–2009. Of those, 2249 (72%) were from patients with ILI, and 853 (27%) were from patients with SARI. Among the 3,102 patients, 98 (3%) had laboratory-confirmed influenza, of whom, 85 (87%) had ILI and 13 (13%) had SARI. Among ILI patients, the highest proportion of laboratory-confirmed influenza occurred in children less than 5 years of age (3/169; 2% during 2007–2008 and 23/271; 9% during 2008–2009) and patients 25–59 years of age (8/440; 2% during 2007–2009 and 21/483; 4% during 2008–2009). All SARI patients with influenza were less than 14 years of age. During all surveillance years, influenza virus circulation was seasonal with peak circulation during the winter months of October through April. Influenza results in both mild and severe respiratory infections in Morocco, and accounted for a large proportion of all hospitalizations for severe respiratory illness among children 5 years of age and younger.
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2710.2002.00430.x
发表时间：
2002-08-01
影响因子：
2
作者：
Wagner, AK;Soumerai, SB;Ross-Degnan, D
通讯作者：
Ross-Degnan, D
影响因子：
15.8
作者：
Morgan, Oliver W.;Griffiths, Clare;Majeed, Azeem
通讯作者：
Majeed, Azeem
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Neuzil, KM;Zhu, YW;Wright, PF
通讯作者：
Wright, PF
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Li, Christina;Freedman, Marian
通讯作者：
Freedman, Marian
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Stöhr, K
通讯作者：
Stöhr, K