PROTOCOL: Involving men and boys in family planning: A systematic review of the effective components and characteristics of complex interventions in low- and middle-income countries.
PROTOCOL: Involving men and boys in family planning: A systematic review of the effective components and characteristics of complex interventions in low- and middle-income countries.
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DOI：
10.1002/cl2.1140
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Lohan M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aventin Á;Robinson M;Hanratty J;Ruane-McAteer E;Tomlinson M;Clarke M;Okonofua F;Bonell C;Lohan M
计划生育帮助人们避免意外怀孕，达到他们想要的孩子数量和/或确定怀孕间隔。有效的计划生育是通过使用避孕方法、提供安全堕胎以及预防和治疗不孕症来实现的。计划生育还有助于降低孕产妇、新生儿和儿童的发病率和死亡率，以及意外怀孕、妊娠并发症和不孕症可能产生的负面经济和心理社会影响。尽管自实施联合国可持续发展目标（SDG;联合国，2015年）以来取得了确定的进展，但报告显示，在孕产妇和儿童健康以及性别平等方面的进展比预期的要慢（FP 2020，2018年;联合国儿童基金会，2018年;世界卫生组织，2017年）。如果目前的趋势继续下去，到2030年，50多个低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）将无法实现其可持续发展目标（SDG）的5岁以下儿童死亡率目标，5600万5岁以下儿童将死亡（联合国儿童基金会，2018年）。同样，要实现将全球孕产妇死亡率控制在每10万例活产70人以下的可持续发展目标，就需要在2030年之前将目前的孕产妇死亡率平均每年降低7.5%。这是目前全球每年2.3%的减少率的三倍多（世界卫生组织，2016）。按照目前的变化速度，需要200年（九代人）才能实现可持续发展目标5，即实现性别平等和增强妇女和女童权能（经济合作与发展组织，2019年）。此外，到2018年，在FP 2020的目标1.2亿额外使用避孕药具的妇女中，只有46人达到了目标-这是一个明确的指标，表明为了实现2030年的可持续发展目标，仍有工作要做（FP 2020，2018）.每年约有30万名妇女和女童死于分娩或妊娠相关并发症，包括不安全堕胎，其中绝大多数死亡（94%）发生在中低收入国家（世界卫生组织，2019年）。同样，意外怀孕和不合时宜的怀孕也造成了婴儿高发病率和死亡率的负担（Kozuki等人，2013; Say等人，2014年; Singh等人，2013年）。每年约有270万新生儿在中低收入国家死亡，更多的人患有与早产有关的疾病，胎龄较小和营养不良（Guttmacher Institiute，2018）。因此，提供基于证据的干预措施以加速FP的使用对于中低收入国家的人们来说是生死攸关的问题。尽管全球生育率下降，但未满足的计划生育需求仍然很高。据估计，中低收入国家有2.14亿妇女希望避免或推迟怀孕，但没有采取避孕措施（Guttmacher Institiute，2018）。因此，迫切需要了解如何加快计划生育方案的使用和影响。
Family planning (FP) helps people avoid unintended pregnancy, attain their desired number of children and/or determine the spacing of pregnancies. Effective FP is achieved through the use of contraceptive methods, provision of safe abortion, and prevention and treatment of infertility. FP also contributes to reduced maternal, neonatal and child morbidity and mortality, as well as the negative economic and psychosocial implications that unintended pregnancy, pregnancy complications and infertility can have. Despite determined progress since the implementation of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; United Nations, 2015), reports indicate that progress has been slower than expected in relation to maternal and child health and gender equality (FP2020, 2018; UNICEF, 2018; World Health Organisation, 2017). If current trends continue, more than 50 low‐and middle‐income countries (LMICs) will not meet their SDG under‐five mortality target by 2030 and 56 million children under age‐5 will die (UNICEF, 2018). Equally, achieving the SDG target of a global maternal mortality rate of below 70 per 100,000 births will require a reduction in current rates of an average of 7.5% each year until 2030. This is more than three times the current 2.3% annual global rate of reduction (World Health Organisation, 2016). At the current rate of change, it will take 200 years (nine generations) to reach the SDG 5 goal of achieving gender equality and empowering women and girls (Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, 2019). Further, by 2018, only 46 of FP2020′ s targeted 120 million additional women using contraception had been reached—a clear indicator of the work that remains to be done in order to reach the 2030 SDGs (FP2020, 2018).Every year, around 300,000 women and girls die during childbirth or from pregnancy‐related complications, including unsafe abortion, with the vast majority of these deaths (94%) occurring in LMICs (World Health Organisation, 2019). Equally, unintended and mistimed pregnancies also contribute to the burden of high infant morbidity and mortality (Kozuki et al., 2013; Say et al., 2014; Singh et al., 2013). Around 2.7 million new‐borns die every year in LMICs and many more suffer from disease relating to preterm birth, being small for gestational age and malnutrition (Guttmacher Institiute, 2018). Provision of evidence‐based interventions to accelerate the use of FP is, therefore, a matter of life and death for people in LMICs. Despite declines in global fertility rates, unmet FP needs remain high. An estimated 214 million women in LMICs would like to avoid or delay pregnancy, but are not using contraception (Guttmacher Institiute, 2018). There is, therefore, an urgent need to understand how to accelerate the use and impact of FP programmes.
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影响因子：
4
作者：
Carroll C;Booth A;Cooper K
通讯作者：
Cooper K
男人对计划生育计划的服务很好吗？
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Hardee K;Croce-Galis M;Gay J
通讯作者：
Gay J
DOI：
10.1186/s13012-017-0605-9
发表时间：
2017-06-21
期刊：
Implementation science : IS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Atkins L;Francis J;Islam R;O'Connor D;Patey A;Ivers N;Foy R;Duncan EM;Colquhoun H;Grimshaw JM;Lawton R;Michie S
通讯作者：
Michie S
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Lan, L.;Harrison, C. L.;Moran, L. J.
通讯作者：
Moran, L. J.
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Hedges, Larry V.;Tipton, Elizabeth;Johnson, Matthew C.
通讯作者：
Johnson, Matthew C.