Neurocognitive testing in West African children 3-6 years of age: Challenges and implications for data analyses.
Neurocognitive testing in West African children 3-6 years of age: Challenges and implications for data analyses.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.04.001
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发表时间：
2019-03
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Boivin MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bodeau-Livinec F;Davidson LL;Zoumenou R;Massougbodji A;Cot M;Boivin MJ
当用来自高收入国家的发展和认知标准化测试（HIC）对非洲儿童进行测试时，研究人员不确定在根据年龄标准化儿童的原始分数表现时是否将HIC规范应用于这些测试。本研究比较了结构效度的两个原始的和基于XML的标准化分数的马伦量表的早期学习（MSEL）和考夫曼评估电池的儿童-第2版（KABC-II）的贝宁儿童在农村设置从3至6岁。74名3至4岁的儿童接受了MSEL评估，61名符合条件的大龄儿童（5至6岁）接受了KABC-II评估。评估员用当地语言向儿童和照顾者说明评估项目。家庭环境的发展质量进行了评估与考德威尔家庭观察测量的环境（HOME）库存，和物质财产和住房质量检查表被用来作为衡量社会经济地位（SES）。孩子们的母亲接受了瑞文渐进矩阵测试（非语言认知能力）和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）（情绪健康）。对于MSEL，4岁组在所有量表的原始和标准化评分比较中均显著优于3岁组。当使用标准化评分时，这些差异被减弱，尽管MSEL标准化认知综合评分在几岁之间仍然非常显著。当比较5至6岁的KABC-II子测试和全球规模的性能，比较原始和标准化的平均成绩表现是不太一致的。一般来说，6岁奥尔兹在KABC-II子测试的原始分数比较中的表现显着优于5岁奥尔兹，但标准化分数并非如此。通过HOME测量评估的亲子互动与多元回归分析的原始和标准化MSEL认知综合评分结果相关。SES是KABC-II原始和标准化结局的唯一显著预测因素。使用HIC标准的标准化不是最佳的，导致使用MSEL时对年龄的影响最小，使用KABC 2时，年龄最大的儿童的得分低于年龄最小的儿童。这可能是由于贝宁儿童随着年龄的增长逐渐偏离以儿童为基础的规范，系统地降低了标准化的业绩衡量标准。这些研究结果支持的重要性，有一个本地的参考或控制组的儿童，允许调整（年龄，家庭，和SES）原始分数比较时，使用西方为基础的测试，发展和神经心理学评价。
When testing African children with developmental and cognitive standardized tests from high-income countries (HIC), investigators are uncertain as to whether to apply the HIC norms for these tests when standardizing a child’s raw-score performance on the basis of age. The present study compared the construct validity of both raw and HIC-based standardized scores for the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and the Kaufman Assessment Battery in Children – 2nd edition (KABC-II) for Beninese children in a rural setting from three to six years of age. Seventy-four children 3 to 4 yrs of age were assessed with the MSEL, and 61 eligible older children (5 to 6 yrs of age) were assessed with the KABC-II. Assessors spoke the instructions to the children and caregivers for the assessment items in the local language. The developmental quality of the home environment was evaluated with the Caldwell Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) inventory, and a material possessions and housing quality checklist was used as a measure of socio-economic status (SES). Children’s mothers were given the Raven’s Progressive Matrices test (nonverbal cognitive ability), and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) (emotional wellbeing). For the MSEL, the 4-yr old group performed significantly better than the 3-yr old group on both the raw and standardized score comparisons for all scales. These differences were attenuated when using standardized scores, although the MSEL standardized cognitive composite score was still highly significant between years of age. When comparing 5- to 6-yr olds on KABC-II subtest and global scale performance, comparisons between the raw and standardized mean score performances were much less consistent. Generally, 6-yr olds performed significantly better than 5-yr olds on the raw score comparisons on the KABC-II subtests, but not so for standardized scores. Parent-child interactions assessed through the HOME measure was associated with both raw and standardized MSEL cognitive composite score outcomes on a multiple regression analysis. SES was the only significant predictor for KABC-II raw and standardized outcomes. Standardization using HIC norms was not optimal, resulting in minimal impact to account for age when using the MSEL, and lower scores for oldest children compared with youngest children when using the KABC2. This is likely due to children in Benin drifting away from HIC-based norms with each passing year of age, systematically lowering standardized performance measures. These findings support the importance of having a local comparison group of reference or control children to allow for adjusted (for age, HOME, and SES) raw score comparisons when using western-based tests for developmental and neuropsychological evaluation.
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DOI：
10.1080/09540121.2016.1263722
发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1097/qad.0000000000001683
发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.198
发表时间：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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