The prevalence of confirmed maltreatment among US children, 2004 to 2011.
The prevalence of confirmed maltreatment among US children, 2004 to 2011.
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DOI：
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.410
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发表时间：
2014-08
期刊：
影响因子：
26.1
通讯作者：
Lee, Hedwig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wildeman, Christopher;Emanuel, Natalia;Leventhal, John M.;Putnam-Hornstein, Emily;Waldfogel, Jane;Lee, Hedwig
虐待儿童是导致儿童一生健康状况不佳的一个危险因素。目前对美国儿童时期遭受虐待的人口比例的估计是基于回顾性的自我报告。官方确认的虐待记录被用来计算每年而不是累计的受虐待人数。估计18岁时被儿童保护服务机构证实或指示虐待（称为确认虐待）的美国儿童的比例。国家虐待儿童和虐待儿童数据系统（NCANDS）儿童档案包括所有美国儿童的信息，确认虐待报告，共计5，689，900名儿童（2004-2011年）。我们开发了合成队列生命表，以估计18岁时确认的儿童期虐待的累积患病率。按种族/民族、性别和年份列出的出生至18岁期间确认的儿童虐待的累积患病率。按照2011年的比率，12.5% [95% CI：12.5%，12.6%]的美国儿童将在18岁之前经历确诊的虐待病例。女孩的累积患病率高于男孩（13.0% [95% CI：12.9%，13.0%] vs. 12.0% [95% CI：12.0%，12.1%]）。黑色（20.9% [95% CI：20.8%，21.1%]），美洲土著（14.5% [95% CI：14.2%，14.9%]）和西班牙裔（13.0% [95% CI：12.9%，13.1%]）儿童的患病率高于白色儿童（10.7% [95% CI：10.6%，10.8%]）或亚裔/太平洋岛民（3.8% [95% CI：3.7%，3.8%]）儿童。在生命的最初几年，虐待的风险最高; 2.1% [95% CI：2.1%，2.1%]的儿童在1岁时确认受到虐待，5.8% [95% CI：5.8%，5.9%]的儿童在5岁时确认受到虐待。2011年的估计与2004-2010年的估计一致。经证实的虐待儿童的年度比率大大低估了经证实在童年时期受到虐待的儿童的累积人数。我们的研究结果表明，每8名美国儿童中就有1名在18岁之前被确认为虐待的受害者，远远高于每年确认虐待的100名儿童中的1名。黑人儿童的累积患病率为五分之一;美洲土著儿童为七分之一。
Child maltreatment is a risk factor for poor health throughout the life course. Existing estimates of the proportion of the U.S. population maltreated during childhood are based on retrospective self-reports. Records of officially confirmed maltreatment have been used to produce annual rather than cumulative counts of maltreated individuals. To estimate the proportion of U.S. children who are substantiated or indicated for maltreatment by Child Protective Services (referred to as confirmed maltreatment) by age 18. The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) Child File includes information on all U.S. children with a confirmed report of maltreatment, totaling 5,689,900 children (2004-2011). We developed synthetic cohort life tables to estimate the cumulative prevalence of confirmed childhood maltreatment by age 18. The cumulative prevalence of confirmed child maltreatment between birth and age 18 by race/ethnicity, sex, and year. At 2011 rates, 12.5% [95% CI: 12.5%, 12.6%] of U.S. children will experience a confirmed case of maltreatment by age 18. Girls have a higher cumulative prevalence than boys (13.0% [95% CI: 12.9%, 13.0%] vs. 12.0% [95% CI: 12.0%, 12.1%]). Black (20.9% [95% CI: 20.8%, 21.1%]), Native American (14.5% [95% CI: 14.2%, 14.9%]), and Hispanic (13.0% [95% CI: 12.9%, 13.1%]) children have higher prevalences than White (10.7% [95% CI: 10.6%, 10.8%]) or Asian/Pacific Islander (3.8% [95% CI: 3.7%, 3.8%]) children. The risk of maltreatment is highest in the first few years of life; 2.1% [95% CI: 2,1%, 2.1%] of children have confirmed maltreatment by age 1, and 5.8% [95% CI: 5.8%, 5.9%] have confirmed maltreatment by age 5. Estimates from 2011 were consistent with those from 2004-2010. Annual rates of confirmed child maltreatment dramatically understate the cumulative number of children confirmed as maltreated during childhood. Our findings indicate that 1 in 8 U.S. children will be confirmed as victims of maltreatment by age 18, far greater than the 1 in 100 children whose maltreatment is confirmed annually. For Black children, the cumulative prevalence is 1 in 5; for Native American children, it is 1 in 7.
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