Essential role for the TRF2 telomere protein in adult skin homeostasis.

Essential role for the TRF2 telomere protein in adult skin homeostasis.
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DOI:
10.1111/acel.12221
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发表时间:
2014-08
期刊:
影响因子:
7.8
通讯作者:
Blasco MA
Blasco MA
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Martínez P;Ferrara-Romeo I;Flores JM;Blasco MA

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TRF 2是保护哺乳动物染色体末端的蛋白质复合物shelterin的一种成分。TRF 2由于其在抑制染色体末端的ATM依赖性DNA损伤反应(DDR)和抑制端到端染色体融合中的作用而对于端粒加帽是必需的。TRF 2缺陷的小鼠是早期胚胎致死的。然而,TRF 2在发育后期和成年生物体中的作用在很大程度上仍然没有得到解决,除了肝脏,其中发现TRF 2被用于维持组织功能。在这里,我们通过产生TRF 2 α/β-K5-Cre小鼠模型来研究TRF 2条件性缺失在复层上皮中的影响,该模型将TRF 2缺失靶向胚胎E11.5天的皮肤。与肝脏中的TRF 2缺失形成鲜明对比的是,TRF 2 α/β-K5-Cre小鼠在子宫内显示致死性,在围产期达到100%致死性。在分子和细胞水平上,TRF 2缺失引起端粒处急性DDR的诱导,导致p53信号通路的激活和自E11.5时Cre表达以来的程序性细胞死亡。出乎意料的是,通过废除53 BP 1抑制NHEJ途径和通过p53缺陷抑制DDR都不能挽救这些严重的表型。相反,TRF 2缺失引起广泛的表皮细胞死亡,伴随着E16.5胚胎的严重炎症,这与p53无关。这些结果与皮肤中TRF 1和TPP 1的条件性缺失形成对比,其中p53缺陷挽救了相关的皮肤表型,突出了TRF 2在皮肤稳态中相对更重要的作用。
TRF2 is a component of shelterin, the protein complex that protects the ends of mammalian chromosomes. TRF2 is essential for telomere capping owing to its roles in suppressing an ATM-dependent DNA damage response (DDR) at chromosome ends and inhibiting end-to-end chromosome fusions. Mice deficient for TRF2 are early embryonic lethal. However, the role of TRF2 in later stages of development and in the adult organism remains largely unaddressed, with the exception of liver, where TRF2 was found to be dispensable for maintaining tissue function. Here, we study the impact of TRF2 conditional deletion in stratified epithelia by generating the TRF2∆/∆-K5-Cre mouse model, which targets TRF2 deletion to the skin from embryonic day E11.5. In marked contrast to TRF2 deletion in the liver, TRF2∆/∆-K5-Cre mice show lethality in utero reaching 100% lethality perinataly. At the molecular and cellular level, TRF2 deletion provokes induction of an acute DDR at telomeres, leading to activation of p53 signaling pathways and to programed cell death since the time of Cre expression at E11.5. Unexpectedly, neither inhibition of the NHEJ pathway by abrogation of 53BP1 nor inhibition of DDR by p53 deficiency rescued these severe phenotypes. Instead, TRF2 deletion provokes an extensive epidermal cell death accompanied by severe inflammation already at E16.5 embryos, which are independent of p53. These results are in contrast with conditional deletion of TRF1 and TPP1 in the skin, where p53 deficiency rescued the associated skin phenotypes, highlighting the comparatively more essential role of TRF2 in skin homeostasis.
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