Diversity and selectivity in mRNA translation on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Diversity and selectivity in mRNA translation on the endoplasmic reticulum.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrm3958
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发表时间:
2015-04
期刊:
Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
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开创性的电子显微镜研究确定了真核细胞中两个主要的核糖体群体:一个自由地分散在细胞质中,另一个结合在内质网(ER)的表面。随后的研究揭示了每个群体的特殊功能,分泌和整体膜蛋白编码mrna在er结合的核糖体上翻译,而胞质蛋白合成被广泛归因于游离核糖体。最近的研究结果对这一观点提出了挑战,对mRNA分布和翻译的转录组研究表明,er结合的核糖体也参与了大部分编码细胞质蛋白的mRNA的翻译。这些研究表明内质网在转录组表达中的作用更为广泛,其中膜和分泌蛋白合成代表了转录后基因表达的多方面和动态贡献的一个因素。
Pioneering electron microscopy studies defined two primary populations of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells: one freely dispersed through the cytoplasm and the other bound to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Subsequent investigations revealed a specialized function for each population, with secretory and integral membrane protein-encoding mRNAs translated on ER-bound ribosomes, and cytosolic protein synthesis was widely attributed to free ribosomes. Recent findings have challenged this view, and transcriptome-scale studies of mRNA distribution and translation have now demonstrated that ER-bound ribosomes also function in the translation of a large fraction of mRNAs that encode cytosolic proteins. These studies suggest a far more expansive role for the ER in transcriptome expression, where membrane and secretory protein synthesis represents one element of a multifaceted and dynamic contribution to post-transcriptional gene expression.
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