RNA modifications and the link to human disease.

RNA modifications and the link to human disease.
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DOI:
10.1016/bs.mie.2019.08.003
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学4区
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核糖核酸(RNA)参与翻译和转录,这是细胞表达基因的机制。本文讨论了三种类型的RNA:转移RNA (tRNA)、信使RNA (mRNA)和核糖体RNA (rRNA)。mRNA是由DNA编码的转录物,rRNA与核糖体相关,tRNA与氨基酸相关,用于读取mRNA转录物以制造蛋白质。有趣的是,tRNA、rRNA和mRNA的功能可以通过共转录和转录后水平的化学修饰而显著改变,迄今已鉴定的这些修饰超过171种。其中一些变异与癌症、糖尿病和神经紊乱等疾病有关。在这篇综述中,我们将介绍一些具有生物学功能的RNA修饰以及这些RNA修饰的失调如何与人类疾病联系在一起。
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is involved in translation and transcription, which are the mechanisms in which cells express genes. The three classes of RNA discussed are transfer RNA (tRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA is the transcript encoded from DNA, rRNA is associated with ribosomes, and tRNA is associated with amino acids and is used to read mRNA transcripts to make proteins. Interestingly, the function of tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA can be significantly altered by chemical modifications at the co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and there are over 171 of these modifications identified thus far. Several of these modifications are linked to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. In this review, we will introduce a few RNA modifications of biological functions and how dysregulation of these RNA modifications linking to human disease.
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