Human gut microbiome: hopes, threats and promises.
Human gut microbiome: hopes, threats and promises.
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DOI：
10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316723
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
24.5
通讯作者：
Cani PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cani PD
微生物组在过去15年中受到越来越多的关注。虽然肠道微生物已经探索了几十年，但对人类肠道微生物作用的研究已经引起了经典传染病以外的广泛关注。例如，许多研究报告了肠道微生物群的变化，不仅在肥胖，糖尿病和肝病期间，而且在癌症甚至神经退行性疾病期间。人类肠道微生物群被认为是新疗法的潜在来源。在2013年至2017年期间，关注肠道微生物群的出版物数量为12900，占过去40年来研究该主题的出版物总数的五分之四。这篇综述讨论了肠道微生物群对代谢紊乱影响的最新证据，并重点讨论了选定的关键机制。本综述还旨在对这一领域的现有知识进行批判性分析，确定公认的关键问题或难题，并讨论误解。在比较患病和健康受试者时产生的大量宏基因组数据可能导致错误的说法，即细菌与疾病的保护或发病有因果关系。事实上，环境因素，如饮食习惯，药物治疗，肠道运动和粪便频率和一致性都是影响微生物群组成的因素，应该考虑。将作为关键例子讨论细菌普雷沃氏菌和嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌的情况。
The microbiome has received increasing attention over the last 15 years. Although gut microbes have been explored for several decades, investigations of the role of microorganisms that reside in the human gut has attracted much attention beyond classical infectious diseases. For example, numerous studies have reported changes in the gut microbiota during not only obesity, diabetes, and liver diseases but also cancer and even neurodegenerative diseases. The human gut microbiota is viewed as a potential source of novel therapeutics. Between 2013 and 2017, the number of publications focusing on the gut microbiota was, remarkably, 12 900, which represents four-fifths of the total number of publications over the last 40 years that investigated this topic. This review discusses recent evidence of the impact of the gut microbiota on metabolic disorders and focus on selected key mechanisms. This review also aims to provide a critical analysis of the current knowledge in this field, identify putative key issues or problems and discuss misinterpretations. The abundance of metagenomic data generated on comparing diseased and healthy subjects can lead to the erroneous claim that a bacterium is causally linked with the protection or the onset of a disease. In fact, environmental factors such as dietary habits, drug treatments, intestinal motility and stool frequency and consistency are all factors that influence the composition of the microbiota and should be considered. The cases of the bacteria Prevotella copri and Akkermansia muciniphila will be discussed as key examples.
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影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Cani, Patrice D.;Amar, Jacques;Burcelin, Remy
通讯作者：
Burcelin, Remy
DOI：
10.1126/science.aam9949
发表时间：
2017-08-11
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Byndloss MX;Olsan EE;Rivera-Chávez F;Tiffany CR;Cevallos SA;Lokken KL;Torres TP;Byndloss AJ;Faber F;Gao Y;Litvak Y;Lopez CA;Xu G;Napoli E;Giulivi C;Tsolis RM;Revzin A;Lebrilla CB;Bäumler AJ
通讯作者：
Bäumler AJ
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Brown, AJ;Goldsworthy, SM;Dowell, SJ
通讯作者：
Dowell, SJ
影响因子：
29
作者：
De Vadder, Filipe;Kovatcheva-Datchary, Petia;Mithieux, Gilles
通讯作者：
Mithieux, Gilles
影响因子：
29.4
作者：
Chassaing B;Ley RE;Gewirtz AT
通讯作者：
Gewirtz AT