Transient eco-evolutionary dynamics early in a phage epidemic have strong and lasting impact on the long-term evolution of bacterial defences.
Transient eco-evolutionary dynamics early in a phage epidemic have strong and lasting impact on the long-term evolution of bacterial defences.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.3002122
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发表时间：
2023-09
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
生物已经进化出了一系列组成性（总是活跃的）和诱导性（由寄生虫引起的）防御机制，但我们对驱动这些正交防御策略进化的原因的理解有限。细菌及其噬菌体提供了一个易于处理的系统来研究这一点：细菌可以通过噬菌体受体的突变（表面突变，sm）获得组成性耐药性，也可以通过其CRISPR-Cas适应性免疫系统诱导耐药性。通过理论和实验的结合，我们证明了先建立的机制具有很强的优势，因为它削弱了对替代抗性机制的选择。因此，改变获得不同抗性的相对频率的生态因素具有强大而持久的影响：高生长条件通过增加流行病早期阶段受体突变事件的涌入，促进了sm抗性的进化，而在流行病的这一阶段，高感染风险促进了CRISPR免疫的进化，因为它促进了（感染依赖性）CRISPR免疫的获得。这项工作强调了流行病早期阶段的短暂进化动力学对本构和诱导防御的长期进化的强大和持久的影响，这可能被利用来操纵临床和应用环境中的噬菌体耐药性进化。生物体使用一系列防御系统来抵御寄生虫。利用细菌噬菌体模型系统，我们研究了驱动不同系统瞬时进化的因素，这对宿主生态学和致病性具有重要意义。
Organisms have evolved a range of constitutive (always active) and inducible (elicited by parasites) defence mechanisms, but we have limited understanding of what drives the evolution of these orthogonal defence strategies. Bacteria and their phages offer a tractable system to study this: Bacteria can acquire constitutive resistance by mutation of the phage receptor (surface mutation, sm) or induced resistance through their CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system. Using a combination of theory and experiments, we demonstrate that the mechanism that establishes first has a strong advantage because it weakens selection for the alternative resistance mechanism. As a consequence, ecological factors that alter the relative frequencies at which the different resistances are acquired have a strong and lasting impact: High growth conditions promote the evolution of sm resistance by increasing the influx of receptor mutation events during the early stages of the epidemic, whereas a high infection risk during this stage of the epidemic promotes the evolution of CRISPR immunity, since it fuels the (infection-dependent) acquisition of CRISPR immunity. This work highlights the strong and lasting impact of the transient evolutionary dynamics during the early stages of an epidemic on the long-term evolution of constitutive and induced defences, which may be leveraged to manipulate phage resistance evolution in clinical and applied settings. Organisms use a range of defence systems to protect against their parasites. Using a bacteria-phage model system, we investigate what drives the transient evolution of different systems, which has important implications for host ecology and pathogenicity.
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