A unified classification of alien species based on the magnitude of their environmental impacts.
A unified classification of alien species based on the magnitude of their environmental impacts.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1001850
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发表时间：
2014-05
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Bacher S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blackburn TM;Essl F;Evans T;Hulme PE;Jeschke JM;Kühn I;Kumschick S;Marková Z;Mrugała A;Nentwig W;Pergl J;Pyšek P;Rabitsch W;Ricciardi A;Richardson DM;Sendek A;Vilà M;Wilson JR;Winter M;Genovesi P;Bacher S
我们提出了一种分类和比较外来或入侵物种对环境的破坏程度的方法，该方法可以应用于所有分类群，尺度和影响指标。人类活动将物种迁移到其原生地理范围之外的非自然存在地区（称为外来物种），可能会对接收生态系统造成广泛的重大变化;然而，它们的影响因物种和生态系统而异。因此，迫切需要一种标准化的方法来评估、比较并最终预测这些不同影响的程度。在这里，我们提出了一个简单的系统分类外来物种根据其环境影响的大小，根据国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的全球入侵物种数据库，这是第一次在这里提出的用于编码物种的影响机制。该分类系统使用五个半定量的情况下，每个机制下的影响，分配物种的不同级别的影响，从最小到大规模的分配对应的最高水平的有害影响与任何机制。该方案还包括未评估的物种类别，没有外来人口，或数据不足，以及为所有分类分配不确定性的方法。我们展示了这个分类系统是如何适用于不同层次的生态复杂性和不同的空间和时间尺度，并包括现有的影响指标。事实上，该计划类似于已经被广泛采用和接受的灭绝风险分类红名单方法，因此可以想见，它很容易与许多地区的现有做法和政策相结合。
We present a method for categorising and comparing alien or invasive species in terms of how damaging they are to the environment, that can be applied across all taxa, scales, and impact metrics. Species moved by human activities beyond the limits of their native geographic ranges into areas in which they do not naturally occur (termed aliens) can cause a broad range of significant changes to recipient ecosystems; however, their impacts vary greatly across species and the ecosystems into which they are introduced. There is therefore a critical need for a standardised method to evaluate, compare, and eventually predict the magnitudes of these different impacts. Here, we propose a straightforward system for classifying alien species according to the magnitude of their environmental impacts, based on the mechanisms of impact used to code species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Global Invasive Species Database, which are presented here for the first time. The classification system uses five semi-quantitative scenarios describing impacts under each mechanism to assign species to different levels of impact—ranging from Minimal to Massive—with assignment corresponding to the highest level of deleterious impact associated with any of the mechanisms. The scheme also includes categories for species that are Not Evaluated, have No Alien Population, or are Data Deficient, and a method for assigning uncertainty to all the classifications. We show how this classification system is applicable at different levels of ecological complexity and different spatial and temporal scales, and embraces existing impact metrics. In fact, the scheme is analogous to the already widely adopted and accepted Red List approach to categorising extinction risk, and so could conceivably be readily integrated with existing practices and policies in many regions.
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影响因子：
16.8
作者：
Hulme, Philip E.;Pysek, Petr;Vila, Montserrat
通讯作者：
Vila, Montserrat
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Davies, Trevor D.;Baum, Julia K.
通讯作者：
Baum, Julia K.
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Bartz, Robert;Heink, Ulrich;Kowarik, Ingo
通讯作者：
Kowarik, Ingo
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2338.2012.02527.x
发表时间：
2012-04-01
期刊：
Bulletin OEPP
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kenis, M.;Bacher, S.;Schaffner, U.
通讯作者：
Schaffner, U.
影响因子：
10.1
作者：
Luo, Y;Su, B;Field, CB
通讯作者：
Field, CB