The dead of the Dietersberg Cave, Germany: new insights into burial practices of the Iron Age from 14C-dates and stable isotope (C, N, O, Sr) analyses of human bones and teeth

The dead of the Dietersberg Cave, Germany: new insights into burial practices of the Iron Age from 14C-dates and stable isotope (C, N, O, Sr) analyses of human bones and teeth
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德国迪特斯贝格洞穴的死者:从 14C 日期和人类骨骼和牙齿的稳定同位素(C、N、O、Sr)分析中对铁器时代埋葬方式的新见解

DOI:
10.1007/s12520-020-01025-1
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
T. Tütken
T. Tütken
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
N. Müller-Scheeßel ; G. Grupe ; B. Mühldorfer ; T. Tütken

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根据14 C测年和稳定同位素(C、N、O、Sr)分析,对位于德国南部弗兰肯阿尔卑斯山的Dietersberg洞穴中人类遗骸的物源和沉积环境进行了评价。四个基本场景进行了讨论:(1)人的牺牲,(2)为一个小的社会单位的“定期”埋葬地点,(3)特殊的社会群体(如奴隶)和(4)死亡的特殊情况(如致命的疾病)。假设1和假设2不太可能发生,因为年龄分布包括所有年龄和性别,而且人类遗骸的14 C年代跨越了铁器时代的大部分时间,这将导致一个令人难以置信的小型埋葬社区。稳定同位素分析也使奴隶的沉积(情景3)不可信,因为很大一部分人可能是当地人,他们的饮食与当代人口没有根本不同。考古证据表明,社会偏见(即社会地位低)是沉积的原因。然而,大量的无托物体和围产期也表明,场景4可能是可信的,至少对一些人来说。洞穴可能是一个地方的沉积不仅为一类人,但也为那些埋葬在'常规'墓地被认为是不合适的。
The provenance and depositional setting of the human remains in the Dietersberg Cave, located in the Franconian Alb in Southern Germany, are evaluated based on14C-dates and stable isotope analyses (C, N, O, Sr). Four basic scenarios are discussed: (1) human sacrifice, (2) ‘regular’ burial place for a small social unit, (3) special social group (e.g. slaves) and (4) special circumstances of death (e.g. fatal illness). Scenarios 1 and 2 are unlikely as the age distribution includes all ages and both sexes and the14C-dates of the human remains span most of the Iron Age which would result in an implausible small burial community. Stable isotope analyses also render the deposition of slaves (scenario 3) implausible because a high proportion of the individuals were probably of local origin and their diet was not fundamentally different from that of contemporary populations. The archaeological evidence points to a social bias (i.e. low social standing) as reason for deposition. However, the high numbers of apotropaic objects and of perinatals also suggest that scenario 4 might be plausible for at least some of the individuals. The cave was probably a place of deposition not only for one category of individuals but also for those whose burial in the ‘regular’ cemetery was not considered appropriate.
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