Chemical cues of conspecific predation elicit distinct behavioural responses in cannibalistic poison frog tadpoles

Chemical cues of conspecific predation elicit distinct behavioural responses in cannibalistic poison frog tadpoles
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同种捕食的化学线索引起同类相食毒蛙蝌蚪的不同行为反应

DOI:
10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.12.003
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发表时间:
2024
期刊:
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Fischer, Eva K.
Fischer, Eva K.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Surber-Cunningham, Lisa L.;Oza, Samta S.;Fischer, Eva K.

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在同类相食的物种中,同种既可以是捕食者,也可以是猎物。因此,同种生物的化学线索提供了相互矛盾的信息。同类相食的蝌蚪对同种线索表现出不同的行为反应。蝌蚪在不同的环境中也表现出一致的个体差异。在同类相食的物种中,同种生物既是捕食者也是猎物。因此,同种异种在这些物种的捕食、竞争和营养资源的交叉点上呈现出独特的冲突。为了更好地了解个体如何对相同化学线索的复杂信息作出反应,我们研究了染色毒蛙(dendroates tinctorius)的攻击性和同类相食的蝌蚪。我们使用标准化的野外测试来比较对积极线索(食物)、消极线索(捕食者)和两个相互冲突的线索(同种密度和受伤的同种)的行为反应。我们特别使用化学线索来了解个体在没有额外信息的情况下如何反应,这些信息可以消除它们作为同种捕食者与猎物的地位。我们发现,受伤的同视线索引发的反应与食物线索或捕食者线索不同:相对于基线线索和捕食者线索,蝌蚪探索的更多,但与食物线索相比,移动的时间更少。我们认为,这些模式反映了线索依赖的行为策略,即在同种食人族存在时最大化探索,同时最小化检测。除了特定的行为变化外,我们还观察到不同环境下个体行为的一致性差异,并发现活动和探索行为在不同环境下呈正相关。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,同种线索在食人物种中被解释为不同于食物线索或捕食者线索,它们可以代表两者。
HighlightsIn cannibalistic species, conspecifics can be both predators and prey.Therefore, chemical cues of conspecifics provide conflicting information.Cannibalistic tadpoles exhibited distinct behavioural responses to conspecific cues.Tadpoles also showed consistent individual differences across contexts.In cannibalistic species, conspecifics can be both predators and prey. As a result, conspecifics present a unique conflict at the intersection of predation, competition and nutritional resources in these species. To better understand how individuals respond to the complex information of conspecific chemical cues, we studied aggressive and cannibalistic tadpoles of the dyeing poison frog, Dendrobates tinctorius. We used a standardized open field test to compare behavioural responses to a positive cue (food), a negative cue (predator) and two conflicting cues (conspecific density and injured conspecifics). We specifically used chemical cues to understand how individuals respond in the absence of additional information that would disambiguate their status as conspecific predator versus prey. We found that the injured conspecific cue elicited a response distinct from either the food cue or the predator cue: tadpoles explored more relative to baseline and predator cues but spent less time moving compared to the food cue. We suggest that these patterns reflect cue-dependent behavioural strategies that maximize exploration while minimizing detection in the presence of conspecific cannibals. In addition to cue-specific changes in behaviour, we observed consistent differences in individuals' behaviour across environments and found that activity and exploratory behaviour were positively correlated across environments. Taken together, our results demonstrate that conspecific cues are interpreted as distinct from either food cues or predator cues in a cannibalistic species where they can represent both.
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