Nucleobase transporters
Nucleobase transporters
复制标题
核碱基转运蛋白
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Harry de Koning, George Diallinas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harry de Koning, George Diallinas
嘌呤和嘧啶在所有细胞的核酸和核苷酸代谢中起关键作用。此外，它们还可以作为植物和许多微生物的氮源。核碱基跨生物膜的转运由特异性跨膜转运蛋白介导。核碱基转运蛋白已经在细菌、真菌、原生动物、藻类、植物和哺乳动物中被遗传地和/或生理地鉴定。有限数量的细菌和真菌转运蛋白基因已被克隆并在分子水平上进行了详细分析。最近，核碱基转运蛋白已被确定在植物中。在其他系统中，与较少的遗传学，如脊椎动物和原生动物，没有核碱基转运蛋白基因已被确定，和转运蛋白已被表征和分类的生理和生化方法代替。在这篇综述中，核碱基转运蛋白和数据库中存在的功能未知的类似序列构成了三个基本家族，将其命名为NAT，PRT和PUP。第一类包括真细菌、真菌、植物和后生动物，第二类仅限于原核生物和真菌，第三类仅见于植物。有趣的是，哺乳动物抗坏血酸转运蛋白与NAT序列同源。不同的核碱基转运蛋白的功能也被描述，因为它们的表达是如何调节的，以及目前已知的它们的结构-功能关系。从这些研究中出现的共同特点，预计将证明至关重要的理解是什么管理核碱基转运特异性，并在选择适当的模式微生物系统克隆和研究植物，原生动物和哺乳动物的核碱基转运的农业，药理学和医学的重要性。
Purines and pyrimidines play a key role in nucleic acid and nucleotide metabolism of all cells. In addition, they can be used as nitrogen sources in plants and many microorganisms. Transport of nucleobases across biological membranes is mediated by specific transmembrane transport proteins. Nucleobase transporters have been identified genetically and/or physiologically in bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, plants and mammals. A limited number of bacterial and fungal transporter genes have been cloned and analysed in great detail at the molecular level. Very recently, nucleobase transporters have been identified in plants. In other systems, with less accessible genetics, such as vertebrates and protozoa, no nucleobase transporter genes have been identified, and the transporters have been characterized and classified by physiological and biochemical approaches instead. In this review, it is shown that nucleobase transporters and similar sequences of unknown function present in databases constitute three basic families, which will be designated NAT, PRT and PUP. The first includes members fromarchea, eubacteria, fungi, plants and metazoa, the second is restricted to prokaryotes and fungi, and the last one is only found in plants. Interestingly, mammalian ascorbate transporters are homologous to NAT sequences. The function of different nucleobase transporters is also described, as is how their expression is regulated and what is currently known about their structure-function relationships. Common features emerging from these studies are expected to prove critical in understanding what governs nucleobase transporter specificity and in selecting proper model microbial systems for cloning and studying plant, protozoan and mammalian nucleobase transporters of agricultural, pharmacological and medical importance.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.78.11.6858
发表时间：
1981-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
AMES, BN;CATHCART, R;HOCHSTEIN, P
通讯作者：
HOCHSTEIN, P
弓形虫速殖子具有不寻常的质膜腺苷转运蛋白。
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Schwab,JC;AfifiAfifi,M;Pizzorno,G;Handschumacher,RE;Joiner,KA
通讯作者：
Joiner,KA
影响因子：
13.8
作者：
CUBITT, AB;HEIM, R;TSIEN, RY
通讯作者：
TSIEN, RY
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
M. Saier
通讯作者：
M. Saier
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Swaminathan, S;Amerik, AY;Hochstrasser, M
通讯作者：
Hochstrasser, M