The long-term effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on neurologic development.
The long-term effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on neurologic development.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmwh.2009.05.006
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Rende, Elizabeth K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blood-Siegfried, Jane;Rende, Elizabeth K.
关键词：
大量有记录的证据表明，怀孕期间吸烟对母亲和胎儿都有害。产前接触各种形式的尼古丁会改变实验动物的神经发育，并可能增加人类患神经系统疾病的风险。母亲吸烟与婴儿猝死综合症 (SIDS) 之间存在直接关联；然而，它与人类抑郁、注意力障碍、学习和行为问题以及尼古丁成瘾的联系并不简单。尼古丁对神经递质的产生和功能的作用使其成为这些疾病病理学的主要嫌疑人。尼古丁会增强成人的神经递质功能，但会使产前暴露的婴儿和儿童的这些功能变得不敏感。这种脱敏会导致整个生命周期的异常反应。此外，青少年和成人使用尼古丁可以缓解这些神经递质问题引起的一些症状，但也会增加尼古丁成瘾的风险。尽管尼古丁替代药物可以用于孕妇，但没有明确的迹象表明它们可以改善怀孕期间的结局，并且可能会增加对发育中的神经系统的损害。了解尼古丁暴露的影响对于为孕妇、儿童和家庭提供安全护理以及在怀孕期间制定适当的戒烟计划非常重要。
A large body of documented evidence shows that smoking during pregnancy is harmful to both the mother and fetus. Prenatal exposure to nicotine in various forms alters neurologic development in experimental animals and may increase the risk for neurologic conditions in humans. There is a direct association between maternal smoking and SIDS; however the connection with depression, attention disorders, learning and behavior problems, and nicotine addiction in humans is not straightforward. Nicotine’s action on the production and function of neurotransmitters makes it a prime suspect in the pathology of these diseases. Nicotine accentuates neurotransmitter function in adults but desensitizes these functions in prenatally exposed infants and children. This desensitization causes an abnormal response throughout the lifespan. Furthermore, nicotine use in the adolescent and adult can alleviate some of the symptoms caused by these neurotransmitter problems, but it also increases the risk for nicotine addiction. Although nicotine replacement drugs are allowed for pregnant women, there is no clear indication that they improve outcomes during pregnancy, and they may add to the damage to the developing neurologic system. Understanding the effects of nicotine exposure is important in providing safe care for pregnant women, children and families and for developing appropriate smoking cessation programs during pregnancy.
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影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Blair, PS;Sidebotham, P;Fleming, PJ
通讯作者：
Fleming, PJ
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Castles, A;Adams, EK;Boulton, ML
通讯作者：
Boulton, ML
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Albrecht, Susan A.;Caruthers, Donna;Mlynarchek, Sara
通讯作者：
Mlynarchek, Sara
DOI：
10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb14262.x
发表时间：
1993-08-01
期刊：
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
BARDY, AH;SEPPALA, T;HIILESMAA, VK
通讯作者：
HIILESMAA, VK
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
BRESLAU, N
通讯作者：
BRESLAU, N