Molecular and cellular basis of genetically inherited skeletal muscle disorders.

Molecular and cellular basis of genetically inherited skeletal muscle disorders.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41580-021-00389-z
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发表时间:
2021-11
期刊:
Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
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其他
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超过500个基因的缺陷是神经肌肉疾病(NMD)的基础。根据定义,NMD是由肌肉或神经缺陷引起的疾病。影响骨骼肌的NMD的子集被称为“肌病”和“肌营养不良症”,并且是由于编码肌肉蛋白的基因中的突变。这些基因中的许多基因编码提供结构稳定性或支持膜完整性的蛋白质,而其他基因则参与蛋白质周转,运输和电兴奋性。本文就与肌病相关的突变蛋白的遗传基础和生物学功能作一综述。此外,这些疾病的病理机制和治疗策略将得到强调。由于在大多数情况下,致病性遗传缺陷是已知的,因此针对潜在分子缺陷的策略可能是最有效的治疗方法,将简要提及利用这种方法的当前策略。自1987年发现第一个与神经肌肉疾病相关的基因以来,该领域取得了巨大进展,并在推进基因治疗方面发挥了主导作用。
Defects in over 500 genes underlie a diverse collection of neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). By definition, NMDs are diseases that arise from defects in muscle or nerve. The subset of NMDs that impact skeletal muscle are referred to as “myopathies” and “muscular dystrophies”, and are due to mutations in genes encoding muscle proteins. Many of these genes encode proteins that provide structural stability or bolster membrane integrity, while others are involved in protein turnover, trafficking, and electrical excitability. In this review, the genetic basis and biological function of mutant proteins associated with myopathies will be discussed. In addition, pathomechanisms and treatment strategies for these disorders will be highlighted. Because the causal genetic defects are known in most cases, strategies that target the underlying molecular defect will likely be the most efficacious approach to therapies, and current strategies utilizing this approach will be briefly mentioned. Since the identification of the first gene associated with a neuromuscular disorder in 1987 to the current day, the field has made tremendous progress and has led in advancing gene therapeutics.
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