Recurrent individual treatment assignment: a treatment policy approach to account for heterogeneous treatment effects.
Recurrent individual treatment assignment: a treatment policy approach to account for heterogeneous treatment effects.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41539-021-00117-4
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发表时间：
2022-02-04
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
van Klaveren C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cornelisz I;van Klaveren C
纵向随机对照试验通常在基线时将个体随机分配到干预措施，然后评估差异平均治疗效果如何随时间推移而演变。这项研究表明，纵向设置可以受益于反复个别治疗分配（RITA），而不是，特别是在面对（动态）异质性治疗效果。关注治疗分配的优化，而不是估计治疗效果，承认存在未观察到的异质性治疗效果，并在与基于随机对照试验（RCT）得出的平均治疗效果的纵向设置中的干预政策相比时改善总体干预反应。本研究开发了一种RITA算法，并在多阶段模拟环境中评估了其性能，考虑了两种替代干预措施，并改变了个体治疗反应中未观察到的异质性程度。结果表明，RITA学习速度快，并有效地适应个人的任务。如果存在治疗异质性，对利用和探索的固有关注使RITA能够优于依赖于RCT得出的平均治疗效果的传统分配策略。
Longitudinal randomized controlled trials generally assign individuals randomly to interventions at baseline and then evaluate how differential average treatment effects evolve over time. This study shows that longitudinal settings could benefit from Recurrent Individual Treatment Assignment (RITA) instead, particularly in the face of (dynamic) heterogeneous treatment effects. Focusing on the optimization of treatment assignment, rather than on estimating treatment effects, acknowledges the presence of unobserved heterogeneous treatment effects and improves overall intervention response when compared to intervention policies in longitudinal settings based on Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)-derived average treatment effects. This study develops a RITA-algorithm and evaluates its performance in a multi-period simulation setting, considering two alternative interventions and varying the extent of unobserved heterogeneity in individual treatment response. The results show that RITA learns quickly, and adapts individual assignments effectively. If treatment heterogeneity exists, the inherent focus on both exploit and explore enables RITA to outperform a conventional assignment strategy that relies on RCT-derived average treatment effects.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Cornelisz, Ilja;van Klaveren, Chris
通讯作者：
van Klaveren, Chris
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
YUSUF, S;WITTES, J;TYROLER, HA
通讯作者：
TYROLER, HA
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Kravitz, RL;Duan, NH;Braslow, J
通讯作者：
Braslow, J
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
ROTHWELL, PM
通讯作者：
ROTHWELL, PM
DOI：
10.1111/1467-9868.00389
发表时间：
2003-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Murphy, SA
通讯作者：
Murphy, SA