Evolution of genome size and complexity in Pinus.
Evolution of genome size and complexity in Pinus.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0004332
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Davis JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morse AM;Peterson DG;Islam-Faridi MN;Smith KE;Magbanua Z;Garcia SA;Kubisiak TL;Amerson HV;Carlson JE;Nelson CD;Davis JM
种子植物裸子植物谱系中的基因组进化产生了许多最复杂和最大的植物基因组，但其中涉及的元素却鲜为人知。Gymny是一个以前未被描述的松属反转录转座子家族，与拟南芥中的Athila元件相关。Gymny元素分布在现代松树基因组中，占据的物理空间至少相当于拟南芥基因组的大小。与之前描述的松属植物逆转录元件不同，Gymny家族是在松树和云杉(Picea)分化后扩增或引入的。如果反转录转座子的扩张是松科植物基因组大小差异的原因，就像被子植物一样，那么它们还没有被确定。相反，Gymny反转录转座子与其他反转录转座子家族的分子差异可以解释松树巨大的基因组复杂性以及编码蛋白质的基因DNA，这一点通过对Cot分离基因组DNA的大规模平行DNA序列分析揭示。松树巨大的基因组复杂性大部分可以用反转录转座子的差异来解释，然而，导致基因组大小变化的因素尚未确定。松属的基因组资源，包括这里报道的那些，应该有助于进一步确定反转录转座子在被子植物和裸子植物基因组进化中的作用是否以及如何不同。
Genome evolution in the gymnosperm lineage of seed plants has given rise to many of the most complex and largest plant genomes, however the elements involved are poorly understood. Gymny is a previously undescribed retrotransposon family in Pinus that is related to Athila elements in Arabidopsis. Gymny elements are dispersed throughout the modern Pinus genome and occupy a physical space at least the size of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. In contrast to previously described retroelements in Pinus, the Gymny family was amplified or introduced after the divergence of pine and spruce (Picea). If retrotransposon expansions are responsible for genome size differences within the Pinaceae, as they are in angiosperms, then they have yet to be identified. In contrast, molecular divergence of Gymny retrotransposons together with other families of retrotransposons can account for the large genome complexity of pines along with protein-coding genic DNA, as revealed by massively parallel DNA sequence analysis of Cot fractionated genomic DNA. Most of the enormous genome complexity of pines can be explained by divergence of retrotransposons, however the elements responsible for genome size variation are yet to be identified. Genomic resources for Pinus including those reported here should assist in further defining whether and how the roles of retrotransposons differ in the evolution of angiosperm and gymnosperm genomes.
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