California's Public Safety Realignment Act and prisoner mortality.
California's Public Safety Realignment Act and prisoner mortality.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0284609
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ahern, Jennifer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rowe, Christopher L.;Hubbard, Alan;Ahern, Jennifer
2011年，最高法院的一项历史性裁决要求加利福尼亚州大幅减少监狱人口，以缓解过度拥挤，这种情况被认为非常严重，以至于无法提供足够的医疗保健。为了遵守这一规定，加利福尼亚州通过了公共安全重整法案(Assembly Bill[AB]109)，这是美国历史上法院下令减少监狱人口的最大规模。AB109成功地减少了州立监狱的人数；然而，尽管这项政策是由于州立监狱的医疗保健不足而促成的，但没有研究检查其对囚犯健康的影响。随着其他州努力解决监狱人满为患的问题，并借鉴加州实施这项里程碑式的政策的经验，了解这项政策可能如何影响囚犯的健康至关重要。我们试图评估AB109对监狱死亡率的影响，并评估政策导致的囚犯年龄分布变化可能在多大程度上促成了这些影响。为此，我们使用了来自司法部统计局和加州在押死亡报告计划的监狱死亡率数据，以及来自国家惩戒报告计划的监狱人口数据，以检查在AB109实施前后加州总体监狱死亡率、囚犯的年龄分布以及经年龄调整的监狱死亡率相对于其他州的变化。在AB109之后，加州监狱的总体死亡率相对于其他州有所上升，但在三年内有所下降。在同一时期，相对于其他州，加州囚犯的年龄分布经历了更大的上升，这表明该州总体死亡率的上升可能是由这种年龄分布的变化推动的。事实上，在考虑到年龄分布的这种差异变化时，加州囚犯的死亡率在实施后的第三年显示出比其他州更大的降幅。随着其他州寻求减少监狱人口以解决人满为患的问题，对加州AB109经验的评估应该考虑到年龄调整后死亡率的这种潜在改善。
In 2011, a historic Supreme Court decision mandated that the state of California substantially reduce its prison population to alleviate overcrowding, which was deemed so severe as to preclude the provision of adequate healthcare. To comply, California passed the Public Safety Realignment Act (Assembly Bill [AB] 109), representing the largest ever court-ordered reduction of a prison population in U.S. history. AB109 was successful in reducing the state prison population; however, although the policy was precipitated by inadequate healthcare in state prisons, no studies have examined its effects on prisoner health. As other states grapple with overcrowded prisons and look to California’s experience with this landmark policy, understanding how it may have impacted prisoner health is critical. We sought to evaluate the effects of AB109 on prison mortality and assess the extent to which policy-induced changes in the age distribution of prisoners may have contributed to these effects. To do so, we used prison mortality data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the California Deaths in Custody reporting program and prison population data from the National Corrections Reporting Program to examine changes in overall prison mortality, the age distribution of prisoners, and age-adjusted prison mortality in California relative to other states before and after the implementation of AB109. Following AB109, California prisons experienced an increase in overall mortality relative to other states that attenuated within three years. Over the same period, California experienced a greater upward shift in the age distribution of its prisoners relative to other states, suggesting that the state’s increase in overall mortality may have been driven by this change in age distribution. Indeed, when accounting for this differential change in age distribution, mortality among California prisoners exhibited a greater reduction relative to other states in the third year after implementation. As other states seek to reduce their prison populations to address overcrowding, assessments of California’s experience with AB109 should consider this potential improvement in age-adjusted mortality.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1177/0002716215603319
发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
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10.1177/1462474514539535
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DOI：
10.1177/0002716215599732
发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
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作者：
Lofstrom, Magnus;Raphael, Steven
通讯作者：
Raphael, Steven