The dormant blood microbiome in chronic, inflammatory diseases.
The dormant blood microbiome in chronic, inflammatory diseases.
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DOI：
10.1093/femsre/fuv013
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
11.3
通讯作者：
Pretorius E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Potgieter M;Bester J;Kell DB;Pretorius E
健康有机体中的血液被视为“无菌”环境：它缺乏增殖的微生物。然而，休眠或不可立即培养的形式并不存在，因为细胞内休眠已充分建立。我们在此强调，许多病原体可以在血液和红细胞内存活。 “不可培养性”，通过平板计数和总计数之间的差异反映出来，在环境微生物学中很常见。通过改进培养方法可以克服这一问题，我们询问这种情况在血液中的常见程度。最近的一些基于序列的超显微研究发现了许多非传染性疾病中真实的血液微生物组。这些微生物的主要起源是肠道微生物组（特别是当它将组成转变为致病状态时，称为“生态失调”）。另一个来源是从口腔转移的微生物。 “生态失调”也用于描述细胞易位到血液或其他组织中。为了避免歧义，我们在这里使用术语“特异生”来表示出现在正常位置以外的地方的微生物。特异生物可能促进多种炎症性疾病的动态发展。总体而言，似乎有比目前认为更多的慢性非传染性炎症疾病可能含有微生物成分，并且可以使用杀菌抗生素或疫苗进行治疗。微生物的特异生物（描述微生物出现在不应出现的地方的术语）及其代谢产物似乎与多种炎症性疾病的动态相关，并可能促成这些变化。微生物的特异生物（描述微生物出现在不应出现的地方的术语）及其代谢产物似乎与多种炎症性疾病的动态相关，并可能促成这些变化。
Blood in healthy organisms is seen as a ‘sterile’ environment: it lacks proliferating microbes. Dormant or not-immediately-culturable forms are not absent, however, as intracellular dormancy is well established. We highlight here that a great many pathogens can survive in blood and inside erythrocytes. ‘Non-culturability’, reflected by discrepancies between plate counts and total counts, is commonplace in environmental microbiology. It is overcome by improved culturing methods, and we asked how common this would be in blood. A number of recent, sequence-based and ultramicroscopic studies have uncovered an authentic blood microbiome in a number of non-communicable diseases. The chief origin of these microbes is the gut microbiome (especially when it shifts composition to a pathogenic state, known as ‘dysbiosis’). Another source is microbes translocated from the oral cavity. ‘Dysbiosis’ is also used to describe translocation of cells into blood or other tissues. To avoid ambiguity, we here use the term ‘atopobiosis’ for microbes that appear in places other than their normal location. Atopobiosis may contribute to the dynamics of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Overall, it seems that many more chronic, non-communicable, inflammatory diseases may have a microbial component than are presently considered, and may be treatable using bactericidal antibiotics or vaccines. Atopobiosis of microbes (the term describing microbes that appear in places other than where they should be), as well as the products of their metabolism, seems to correlate with, and may contribute to, the dynamics of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Atopobiosis of microbes (the term describing microbes that appear in places other than where they should be), as well as the products of their metabolism, seems to correlate with, and may contribute to, the dynamics of a variety of inflammatory diseases.
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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