Novel vaccines to human rabies.
Novel vaccines to human rabies.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0000515
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发表时间：
2009-09-29
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Ertl HC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ertl HC
狂犬病是所有传染病中最致命的一种，仍然是发展中国家的一个重大公共卫生问题，每年估计夺去55 000人的生命。大多数致命的狂犬病病例，其中一半以上是儿童，是由狗咬伤造成的，发生在东南亚和非洲的低收入家庭。安全有效的疫苗可预防狂犬病。然而，它们必须重复接种，暴露前接种三次，暴露后预防接种四到五次。在严重暴露的情况下，需要使用疫苗联合狂犬病免疫球蛋白（RIG）制剂。致命狂犬病的高发病率与缺乏对咬伤的适当治疗的知识，无法获得昂贵的PEP以及未能进行重复免疫接种有关。需要新的、更具免疫原性但成本较低的狂犬病病毒疫苗来减少狂犬病对人类生命的危害。用于儿童免疫接种的预防性疫苗，特别是在高发病率国家，预计将降低死亡率。这种疫苗必须便宜、安全，并提供持续的保护，最好是在单次接种后。PEP还需要新的治疗方案，以减少对已经稀缺和昂贵的RIG的需求，并将疫苗剂量减少到一到两次。在这篇综述中，提供了正在进行临床前试验的新狂犬病疫苗的生产线，并对那些可能最适合作为目前使用的疫苗的潜在替代品的疫苗提出了意见。
Rabies, the most fatal of all infectious diseases, remains a major public health problem in developing countries, claiming the lives of an estimated 55,000 people each year. Most fatal rabies cases, with more than half of them in children, result from dog bites and occur among low-income families in Southeast Asia and Africa. Safe and efficacious vaccines are available to prevent rabies. However, they have to be given repeatedly, three times for pre-exposure vaccination and four to five times for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). In cases of severe exposure, a regimen of vaccine combined with a rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) preparation is required. The high incidence of fatal rabies is linked to a lack of knowledge on the appropriate treatment of bite wounds, lack of access to costly PEP, and failure to follow up with repeat immunizations. New, more immunogenic but less costly rabies virus vaccines are needed to reduce the toll of rabies on human lives. A preventative vaccine used for the immunization of children, especially those in high incidence countries, would be expected to lower fatality rates. Such a vaccine would have to be inexpensive, safe, and provide sustained protection, preferably after a single dose. Novel regimens are also needed for PEP to reduce the need for the already scarce and costly RIG and to reduce the number of vaccine doses to one or two. In this review, the pipeline of new rabies vaccines that are in pre-clinical testing is provided and an opinion on those that might be best suited as potential replacements for the currently used vaccines is offered.
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影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Bakker, A. B. H.;Python, C.;Goudsmit, J.
通讯作者：
Goudsmit, J.
DOI：
10.1016/0092-1157(89)90018-8
发表时间：
1989-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION
影响因子：
--
作者：
BLANCOU, J;AUBERT, MFA;BRUCKNER, L
通讯作者：
BRUCKNER, L
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Buchbinder, Susan P.;Mehrotra, Devon V.;Duerr, Ann;Fitzgerald, Daniel W.;Mogg, Robin;Li, David;Gilbert, Peter B.;Lama, Javier R.;Marmor, Michael;del Rio, Carlos;McElrath, M. Juliana;Casimiro, Danilo R.;Gottesdiener, Keith M.;Chodakewitz, Jeffrey A.;Corey, Lawrence;Robertson, Michael N.
通讯作者：
Robertson, Michael N.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.80.1.70
发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
DIETZSCHOLD, B;WUNNER, WH;KOPROWSKI, H
通讯作者：
KOPROWSKI, H
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Cenna J;Tan GS;Papaneri AB;Dietzschold B;Schnell MJ;McGettigan JP
通讯作者：
McGettigan JP