Neuromodulation of thought: flexibilities and vulnerabilities in prefrontal cortical network synapses.
Neuromodulation of thought: flexibilities and vulnerabilities in prefrontal cortical network synapses.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.038
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发表时间:
2012-10-04
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Paspalas CD
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Arnsten AF;Wang MJ;Paspalas CD
In this review, we discuss how working memory prefrontal cortical (PFC) circuits are modulated differently than plastic changes in sensory/motor and subcortical circuits. Working memory arises from recurrent excitation within layer III PFC pyramidal cell NMDA circuits, which are afflicted in aging and schizophrenia. Neuromodulators rapidly and flexibly alter the efficacy of these synaptic connections, while leaving the synaptic architecture unchanged, a process called Dynamic Network Connectivity (DNC). Increases in calcium-cAMP signaling open ion channels in long, thin spines, gating network connections. Inhibition of calcium-cAMP signaling, e.g. by noradrenergic α2A-adrenoceptor stimulation on spines, strengthens synaptic efficacy and increases network firing, while optimal levels of dopamine D1 receptor stimulation sculpt network inputs to refine mental representation. Generalized increases in calcium-cAMP signaling during fatigue or stress disengage dlPFC recurrent circuits, reduce firing and impair top-down cognition. Impaired DNC regulation contributes to age-related cognitive decline, while genetic insults to DNC proteins are commonly linked to schizophrenia.
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