The workforce for health in a globalized context--global shortages and international migration.
The workforce for health in a globalized context--global shortages and international migration.
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DOI：
10.3402/gha.v7.23611
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Frank MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aluttis C;Bishaw T;Frank MW
卫生部门的“人力资源危机”被描述为当今时代最紧迫的全球卫生问题之一。世界卫生组织 (WHO) 估计，全球面临着近 430 万名医生、助产士、护士和其他医疗保健专业人员的短缺。全球范围内的供应不足威胁着全球卫生系统的质量和可持续性。这种供应不足与全球化和由此产生的市场自由化同时发生，这使得卫生工作者能够在其原籍国以外的国家提供服务。卫生工作者到国外寻求就业的机会导致了复杂的移民模式，其特点是卫生专业人员从低收入国家流向高收入国家。这种全球移民模式引发了关于全球卫生系统后果的广泛国际辩论，包括有关可持续性、正义和全球社会责任的问题。本文回顾了这一现象，并概述了当前卫生人力迁移模式的范围。它还进一步关注有关卫生人力移民及其对相互依存世界中高收入和低收入国家的影响的科学论述。本文还回顾了推动卫生工作者移民的内部和外部因素，并说明卫生劳动力移民如何成为我们这个时代的一个典型的全球卫生问题。因此，它详细阐述了国际社会解决劳动力危机的方法，特别关注 2010 年制定的世卫组织《行为守则》。
The ‘crisis in human resources’ in the health sector has been described as one of the most pressing global health issues of our time. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the world faces a global shortage of almost 4.3 million doctors, midwives, nurses, and other healthcare professionals. A global undersupply of these threatens the quality and sustainability of health systems worldwide. This undersupply is concurrent with globalization and the resulting liberalization of markets, which allow health workers to offer their services in countries other than those of their origin. The opportunities of health workers to seek employment abroad has led to a complex migration pattern, characterized by a flow of health professionals from low- to high-income countries. This global migration pattern has sparked a broad international debate about the consequences for health systems worldwide, including questions about sustainability, justice, and global social accountabilities. This article provides a review of this phenomenon and gives an overview of the current scope of health workforce migration patterns. It further focuses on the scientific discourse regarding health workforce migration and its effects on both high- and low-income countries in an interdependent world. The article also reviews the internal and external factors that fuel health worker migration and illustrates how health workforce migration is a classic global health issue of our time. Accordingly, it elaborates on the international community's approach to solving the workforce crisis, focusing in particular on the WHO Code of Practice, established in 2010.
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