Chromatin Remodeler CHD8 in Autism and Brain Development.

Chromatin Remodeler CHD8 in Autism and Brain Development.
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DOI:
10.3390/jcm10020366
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发表时间:
2021-01-19
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Spengler D
Spengler D
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hoffmann A;Spengler D

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染色体域解旋酶dna结合8 (CHD8)是自闭症谱系障碍(asd)的高可信风险因素,也是一种独特的神经发育综合征的遗传原因,其核心症状是自闭症、大头畸形和面部畸形。CHD8在结构、生化和转录水平上的作用被很好地表征。相比之下,人们对CHD8突变如何影响大脑功能改变和精神疾病知之甚少。对各种模式生物的研究已被证明是解决这一挑战的关键。在这里,我们仔细研究了这一领域的最新进展,重点关注转基因动物模型的表型,并强调了神经发育、神经元连接、神经传递、突触和稳态可塑性以及习惯化方面的关键发现。在此背景下,我们进一步讨论了如何改进未来的动物研究,无论是在技术问题方面,还是在Chd8突变对神经元和更高系统功能的性别特异性影响方面。我们还考虑了该领域的突出问题,包括“人源化”小鼠模型,治疗干预,以及如何使用多能干细胞衍生的脑类器官可能有助于解决模式生物和人类之间神经发育轨迹的差异。
Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding 8 (CHD8) is a high confidence risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and the genetic cause of a distinct neurodevelopmental syndrome with the core symptoms of autism, macrocephaly, and facial dysmorphism. The role of CHD8 is well-characterized at the structural, biochemical, and transcriptional level. By contrast, much less is understood regarding how mutations in CHD8 underpin altered brain function and mental disease. Studies on various model organisms have been proven critical to tackle this challenge. Here, we scrutinize recent advances in this field with a focus on phenotypes in transgenic animal models and highlight key findings on neurodevelopment, neuronal connectivity, neurotransmission, synaptic and homeostatic plasticity, and habituation. Against this backdrop, we further discuss how to improve future animal studies, both in terms of technical issues and with respect to the sex-specific effects of Chd8 mutations for neuronal and higher-systems level function. We also consider outstanding questions in the field including ‘humanized’ mice models, therapeutic interventions, and how the use of pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids might help to address differences in neurodevelopment trajectories between model organisms and humans.
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