Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Air Quality and Resulting Public Health Benefits in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area.
Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Air Quality and Resulting Public Health Benefits in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpubh.2021.642630
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ruiz-Suárez LG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hernández-Paniagua IY;Valdez SI;Almanza V;Rivera-Cárdenas C;Grutter M;Stremme W;García-Reynoso A;Ruiz-Suárez LG
气象学和空气污染物浓度的长期趋势可能会掩盖为改善空气质量而实施的短期政策的结果。本研究根据墨西哥城 (MCMA) COVID-19 部分（第 2 阶段）和全部（第 3 阶段）封锁期间 CO、NO2、O3、SO2、PM10 和 PM2.5 的异常情况介绍了 CO、NO2、O3、SO2、PM10 和 PM2.5 的变化。为了最大限度地减少空气污染物长期趋势的影响，以2016年至2019年的数据为基础，使用截断傅里叶级数作为基线计算污染物异常值，然后与封锁期间的数据进行比较。此外，排除了停滞和大雨的日子，以减少极端天气变化的影响。二氧化氮和一氧化碳的卫星观测结果被用来对比地面得出的结果。在封锁第二阶段，由于机动车排放量减少，只有二氧化氮 (NO2) 显着下降 (p < 0.05)，达 10% 至 23%。相比之下，在 NO2 减少的相同位置，O3 增加了 16% 至 40%（p < 0.05）。在第 3 阶段，由于全面封锁，NO2 (43%)、PM10 (20%) 和 PM2.5 (32%) 显着下降 (p < 0.05)。尽管第三阶段的 O3 浓度低于第二阶段，但尽管完全封锁，但任何地点的 O3 浓度都没有从基线下降 (p < 0.05)。 SO2 仅在靠近道路环境的第 3 阶段有所下降。卫星观测证实，在全面封锁期间，二氧化氮减少，二氧化碳稳定。如果不考虑气象和污染物浓度长期趋势的影响，封锁期间的空气污染物变化可能会被高估 2 到 10 倍。尽管 O3 增加，但在封锁期间，由于 NO2 和 PM2.5 排放量减少，空气质量显着改善，从而为 MCMA 人口带来健康益处。进行的健康评估表明，封锁期间避免了约 588 例与空气污染暴露相关的死亡。我们的结果表明，为了减少 MCMA 内的 O3，政策必须侧重于减少非移动源的 VOC 排放。 COVID-19 封锁期间实施的措施提供了宝贵的信息，可通过一系列机动车以外排放的减排策略来减少空气污染。
Meteorology and long-term trends in air pollutant concentrations may obscure the results from short-term policies implemented to improve air quality. This study presents changes in CO, NO2, O3, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 based on their anomalies during the COVID-19 partial (Phase 2) and total (Phase 3) lockdowns in Mexico City (MCMA). To minimise the impact of the air pollutant long-term trends, pollutant anomalies were calculated using as baseline truncated Fourier series, fitted with data from 2016 to 2019, and then compared with those from the lockdown. Additionally, days with stagnant conditions and heavy rain were excluded to reduce the impact of extreme weather changes. Satellite observations for NO2 and CO were used to contrast the ground-based derived results. During the lockdown Phase 2, only NO2 exhibited significant decreases (p < 0.05) of between 10 and 23% due to reductions in motor vehicle emissions. By contrast, O3 increased (p < 0.05) between 16 and 40% at the same sites where NO2 decreased. During Phase 3, significant decreases (p < 0.05) were observed for NO2 (43%), PM10 (20%), and PM2.5 (32%) in response to the total lockdown. Although O3 concentrations were lower in Phase 3 than during Phase 2, those did not decrease (p < 0.05) from the baseline at any site despite the total lockdown. SO2 decreased only during Phase 3 in a near-road environment. Satellite observations confirmed that NO2 decreased and CO stabilised during the total lockdown. Air pollutant changes during the lockdown could be overestimated between 2 and 10-fold without accounting for the influences of meteorology and long-term trends in pollutant concentrations. Air quality improved significantly during the lockdown driven by reduced NO2 and PM2.5 emissions despite increases in O3, resulting in health benefits for the MCMA population. A health assessment conducted suggested that around 588 deaths related to air pollution exposure were averted during the lockdown. Our results show that to reduce O3 within the MCMA, policies must focus on reducing VOCs emissions from non-mobile sources. The measures implemented during the COVID-19 lockdowns provide valuable information to reduce air pollution through a range of abatement strategies for emissions other than from motor vehicles.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11869-020-00892-w
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Air quality, atmosphere, & health
影响因子：
--
作者：
Karuppasamy MB;Seshachalam S;Natesan U;Ayyamperumal R;Karuppannan S;Gopalakrishnan G;Nazir N
通讯作者：
Nazir N
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Hernandez Paniagua, Ivan Y.;Clemitshaw, Kevin C.;Mendoza, Alberto
通讯作者：
Mendoza, Alberto
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Kanda, Isao;Basaldud, Roberto;Wakamatsu, Shinji
通讯作者：
Wakamatsu, Shinji
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Hernandez-Paniagua, Ivan Y.;Lopez-Farias, Rodrigo;Mendoza, Alberto
通讯作者：
Mendoza, Alberto
影响因子：
5
作者：
Cameletti, Michela
通讯作者：
Cameletti, Michela