Review of methods for handling confounding by cluster and informative cluster size in clustered data.
Review of methods for handling confounding by cluster and informative cluster size in clustered data.
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DOI：
10.1002/sim.6277
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发表时间：
2014-12-30
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Copas, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seaman, Shaun;Pavlou, Menelaos;Copas, Andrew
关键词：
聚类数据在医学研究中很常见。通常，人们对结果和协变量之间的关联的回归模型感兴趣。在分析聚类数据时可能出现的两个并发症是信息性聚类大小（ICS）和聚类混淆（CBC）。ICS和CBC意味着给定其协变量的成员的结果分别与集群中成员的数量和集群中其他成员的协变量值相关联。一般来说，集群特定推理的标准广义线性混合模型和总体平均推理的标准广义估计方程假设不存在ICS和CBC。已提出对这些方法的修改，以说明CBC或ICS。本文对这些方法进行了综述。我们用一种通用的格式表达了他们的假设，从而更清楚地说明了处理CBC的方法对ICS的假设，反之亦然，以及在实践中何时可以使用不同的方法。我们报告了可用方法的相对效率，描述了方法之间的关系，确定了两个关键方法之间以前未报道的等效性，并提出了一些简单的附加方法。在没有ICS和CBC的情况下，不必要地使用允许ICS/CBC的方法会降低效率成本。我们回顾了识别ICS/CBC的工具。通过检查苏格兰社会经济剥夺与早产儿死亡之间的关系，证明了在怀疑CBC和ICS时的分析策略。
Clustered data are common in medical research. Typically, one is interested in a regression model for the association between an outcome and covariates. Two complications that can arise when analysing clustered data are informative cluster size (ICS) and confounding by cluster (CBC). ICS and CBC mean that the outcome of a member given its covariates is associated with, respectively, the number of members in the cluster and the covariate values of other members in the cluster. Standard generalised linear mixed models for cluster-specific inference and standard generalised estimating equations for population-average inference assume, in general, the absence of ICS and CBC. Modifications of these approaches have been proposed to account for CBC or ICS. This article is a review of these methods. We express their assumptions in a common format, thus providing greater clarity about the assumptions that methods proposed for handling CBC make about ICS and vice versa, and about when different methods can be used in practice. We report relative efficiencies of methods where available, describe how methods are related, identify a previously unreported equivalence between two key methods, and propose some simple additional methods. Unnecessarily using a method that allows for ICS/CBC has an efficiency cost when ICS and CBC are absent. We review tools for identifying ICS/CBC. A strategy for analysis when CBC and ICS are suspected is demonstrated by examining the association between socio-economic deprivation and preterm neonatal death in Scotland.
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