A Natural Experiment to Test the Effect of Sanction Certainty and Celerity on Substance-Impaired Driving: North Dakota's 24/7 Sobriety Program.
A Natural Experiment to Test the Effect of Sanction Certainty and Celerity on Substance-Impaired Driving: North Dakota's 24/7 Sobriety Program.
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一个自然的实验，以测试制裁确定性和腹部对物质受损驾驶的影响：北达科他州的24/7清醒计划。
DOI：
10.1007/s10940-020-09458-6
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发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Heaton P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Midgette G;Kilmer B;Nicosia N;Heaton P
评估一项计划的威慑作用，该计划增加了对被命令戒酒和其他药物的被捕者的制裁的确定性和灵活性。我们通过呼气测醉器、身体佩戴的连续酒精监测（CAM）设备、透皮药物贴片和尿液分析来检查参与者对戒酒和其他药物使用的依从性。然后，我们评估了24/7清醒计划对物质受损驾驶逮捕的影响。在北达科他州作为一个自然的实验，我们使用不同的差异固定效应泊松回归来衡量该计划对县级逮捕物质受损驾驶的影响。超过一半的参与者被命令放弃物质使用，完成24/7清醒，没有检测到物质使用事件。在县一级，在考虑巴肯地区石油勘探的影响、执法强度、酒精供应、该州大型大学是否在上课以及社会人口特征后，该计划与物质受损驾驶逮捕减少9%有关。结果表明，频繁的监测与增加制裁相结合，可以阻止与药物使用有关的犯罪。虽然结果与另一个州的早期24/7清醒研究基本一致，但各州之间的研究结果测量和实施选择的差异使得直接比较变得困难。通过进行随机对照试验，可以了解更多，这些试验可以改变项目时间，测试技术和/或制裁水平。
Evaluate the deterrent effect of a program that increases the certainty and celerity of sanction for arrestees ordered to abstain from alcohol and other drugs on substance-impaired driving arrests. We examine participant compliance with orders to abstain from alcohol and other drug use via breathalyzer, body-worn continuous alcohol monitoring (CAM) devices, transdermal drug patches, and urinalyses. We then evaluate the impact of the 24/7 Sobriety program on substance-impaired driving arrests. Using variation across counties in the timing of program implementation in North Dakota as a natural experiment, we use differences-in-differences fixed effects Poisson regressions to measure the program’s effect on county-level arrests for substance-impaired driving. Over half of participants ordered to abstain from substance use complete 24/7 Sobriety without a detected substance use event. At the county level, the program is associated with a 9 percent reduction in substance-impaired driving arrests after accounting for the impact of oil exploration in the Bakken region, law enforcement intensity, alcohol availability, whether the state’s large universities were in session, and socio-demographic characteristics. The results suggest frequent monitoring combined with increased sanction celerity deters substance use-involved crime. While the results are generally consistent with an earlier study of 24/7 Sobriety in another state, differences in the study outcome measures and implementation choices across states make direct comparisons difficult. More can be learned by conducting randomized controlled trials that vary time on program, testing technology, and/or level of sanction.
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影响因子：
8.2
作者：
BECKER, GS
通讯作者：
BECKER, GS
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Bester, C. Alan;Conley, Timothy G.;Hansen, Christian B.
通讯作者：
Hansen, Christian B.
影响因子：
6
作者：
Bickel, WK;Marsch, LA
通讯作者：
Marsch, LA
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Berk, Richard;MacDonald, John M.
通讯作者：
MacDonald, John M.
影响因子：
13.7
作者：
Bertrand, M;Duflo, E;Mullainathan, S
通讯作者：
Mullainathan, S