A comparison of the biological, geological events and environmental backgrounds between the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian and Permian-Triassic transitions
A comparison of the biological, geological events and environmental backgrounds between the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian and Permian-Triassic transitions
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新元古代-寒武纪与二叠纪-三叠纪过渡时期生物、地质事件和环境背景的比较
DOI：
10.1007/s11430-010-4092-y
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发表时间：
2010-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhang Hua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shen ShuZhong;Zhu MaoYan;Wang XiangDong;Li GuoXiang;Cao ChangQun;Zhang Hua
新元古代-寒武纪（N-C）和二叠纪-三叠纪（P-T）的过渡期，由于早寒武世爆发性的生物辐射（寒武纪大爆发）和二叠纪末最大规模的生物灭绝，被认为是地球历史上最重要的两个过渡期。以往的研究表明，这两个关键转变在重大进化事件中表现出一定的可比性。换句话说，在N-C转换过程中发生的一系列生物、地质和地球化学事件在P-T转换过程中反复发生。这些事件包括与深部地幔动力学有关的大陆重新配置、全球规模的冰川作用、表明大气和海洋变化的大的C-、Sr-和S-同位素扰动、碳酸盐的异常沉淀以及相关的多种生物辐射和质量迁移。这些事件在N-C和P-T转换中的耦合表明，深部地幔动力学可能是驱动地球表面环境剧烈变化的主要机制，而这些变化反过来又导致了重大的生物重组。对这两个关键过渡时期的这些事件进行详细比较表明，尽管它们具有一般可比性，但在规模、持续时间和频率方面确实存在重大差异。罗迪尼亚超大陆在雪球地球时间之前就开始分裂。与此相反，超大陆盘古大陆在晚石炭世至西苏拉纪最大的冰川作用之后进入扩散阶段。不同化石群的定量数据和定性分析表明，在生态系统破坏方面，北-北过渡期比二叠纪末更深刻的大规模灭绝。整个埃迪卡拉纪生物群在北-中界线处的消失表明了这一点。寒武纪早期许多新的复合动物的出现，标志着一个全新的生态系统的建立。然而，二叠纪末的大规模灭绝主要表现为许多不同类群在纲和目水平上的灭绝。虽然它导致了95%的海洋物种和75%的陆地物种灭绝，以及大灭绝后煤炭和珊瑚礁沉积物的完全停止，但这种高水平的生物重组仍然发生在既定的生态系统中，无论它看起来多么激烈。幸存或拉撒路类群重新占据了现有的生态空间在一个相对较短的时间后，二叠纪末大规模灭绝。碳同位素漂移显示大的扰动在这两个过渡，但也在不同的幅度和频率，这表明不同的大气和海洋条件。在这两个转变过程中反复出现的地质和地球化学事件以及耦合的主要生物更替为理解地球-生命系统之间的相互作用提供了新的线索。因此，必须从地球内部深层系统到整个地球表面进行多学科研究，以揭示地球不同球体之间的相互作用。
The Neoproterozoic-Cambrian (N-C) and Permian-Triassic (P-T) transitions have been regarded the two most critical transitions in earth history because of the explosive biological radiation in the early Cambrian (the Cambrian Explosion) and the largest mass extinction at the end-Permian. Previous studies suggest that these two critical transitions showed certain comparability in major evolutionary events. In other words, a series of biological, geological, and geochemical events that had happened in the N-C transition occurred repeatedly during the P-T transition. Those events included continental re-configuration related to the deep mantle dynamics, global-scale glaciations, large C-, Sr-, and S-isotope perturbations indicating atmospheric and oceanic changes, abnormal precipitation of carbonates, and associated multiple biological radiations and mass extinctions. The coupling of those events in both N-C and P-T transitions suggests that deep mantle dynamics could be a primary mechanism driving dramatic changes of environment on the earth’s surface, which in turn caused major biological re-organizations. A detailed comparison of those events during the two critical transitions indicates that despite their general comparability, significant differences do exist in magnitude, duration, and frequency. The supercontinent Rodinia began to rift before the Snowball Earth time. By contrast, the supercontinent Pangea entered the dispersal stage after the greatest glaciation from the Late Carboniferous to Cisuralian. Quantitative data and qualitative analyses of different fossil groups show a more profound mass extinction during the N-C transition than at the end-Permian in terms of ecosystem disruption. This is indicated by the disappearance of the whole Ediacaran biota at the N-C boundary. The subsequent appearances of many new complex animals at phylum level in the early Cambrian mark the establishment of a brand new ecosystem. However, the end-Permian mass extinction is manifested mainly by the extinction of many different taxa at class and order levels. Although it caused the extinction of 95% of marine species and 75% of terrestrial species as well as complete cessation of coal and reef deposits after the mass extinction, this high-level biological re-organization still occurred within an established ecosystem, however drastic it may seem. Survived or Lazarus taxa re-occupied the existing ecospace in a relatively short duration after the end-Permian mass extinction. C-isotope excursions display large perturbations during both transitions, yet also in different magnitudes and frequencies, which suggest different atmospheric and oceanic conditions. The recurrent geological and geochemical events as well as the coupled major biological turnovers during the two transitions provide new clues to understanding the interplays among the earth-life system. Thus, it is essential to carry out multidisciplinary studies from the deep internal system to the surface of the Earth as a whole in order to unravel the interactions of different spheres of the earth.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
ERWIN, DH;VALENTINE, JW;SEPKOSKI, JJ
通讯作者：
SEPKOSKI, JJ
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
Widdowson, Mike
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
1.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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