Interpreting and integrating multiple endemism metrics to identify hotspots for conservation priorities
Interpreting and integrating multiple endemism metrics to identify hotspots for conservation priorities
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解释和整合多种特有指标来确定保护优先事项的热点
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109403
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
McGuire, Jenny L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shipley, Benjamin R.;McGuire, Jenny L.
特有物种是生物多样性的重要组成部分。它们在功能和进化上与世界性物种不同，面临着更大的灭绝威胁。因此，地方性热点经常被用来检查范围大小的生态，并确定最关键的保护优先事项。然而，许多不同的定义和尺度已被用来量化生态和保护研究的特有性。在这里，我们回顾了八个不同的，常用的特有性指标，研究其对全球生态和保护研究的影响。我们比较和对比的空间分布和不同的特有性指标的解释，将它们应用到中美洲哺乳动物的案例研究。然后，我们评估了不同的面积单位对这些指标的趋势和它们的保护功效的影响，确定了每个指标的热点并重叠。这些重叠决定了整合了进化历史和丰富的地方特有种的共识特有热点。在我们的案例研究中，研究区域的细分和使用的特有性度量影响的空间分布的特有性。虽然不同的生物学定义的细分导致类似的趋势，在特有性，特有热点使用任意定义的单位有很大的不同。所有八个特有性指标都呈正相关（r≥ 0.27），但突出了中美洲的不同热点。只有一个细分是所有四个特有种类别的热点。尽管面积很小，但这些特有热点保护了不成比例的物种。这些结果强调了考虑空间效应和地方性的多个方面的重要性。
Endemic species represent an important component of biodiversity. They are functionally and evolutionarily distinct from cosmopolitan species, and are under greater threat of extinction. As a result, endemism hotspots are often used to examine the ecology of range size and to identify the most critical conservation priorities. However, many different definitions and scales have been used to quantify endemism for ecological and conservation research. Here, we review eight distinct, commonly-used metrics of endemism, examining their implications for ecological and conservation studies worldwide. We compare and contrast the spatial distribution and interpretations of the different endemism metrics by applying each of them to a case study of Mesoamerican mammals. We then evaluate the effect of different areal units on the trends in these metrics and their conservation efficacy Hotspots of each metric are identified and overlapped. These overlaps determine consensus endemism hotspots that integrate both the evolutionary history and richness of local endemics. In our case study, both the subdivision of the study region and the endemism metric used influenced the spatial distribution of endemism. Although different biologically-defined subdivisions resulted in similar trends in endemism, endemism hotspots using arbitrary-defined units differed substantially. All eight endemism metrics were positively correlated (r≥ 0.27), but highlight different hotspots across Mesoamerica. Only one subdivision was a hotspot for all four endemism categories. Despite their small area, these endemism hotspots protect a disproportionate number of species. These results underscore the importance of considering spatial effects and multiple aspects of endemism.
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