Xin proteins and intercalated disc maturation, signaling and diseases.

Xin proteins and intercalated disc maturation, signaling and diseases.
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DOI:
10.2741/4072
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发表时间:
2012-06-01
期刊:
Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lin CJ
Lin CJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang Q;Lin JL;Wu KH;Wang DZ;Reiter RS;Sinn HW;Lin CI;Lin CJ

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嵌入椎间盘(ICDs)是心肌细胞之间的机械和电通信的特异性结构,并涉及信号转导。横纹肌特异性含Xin重复蛋白定位于ICD并在ICD形成和心功能中发挥关键作用。敲除鸡胚胎中的Xin基因会使正在发育的心室壁塌陷,导致心脏形态发生异常。在哺乳动物中,存在一对同源基因,Xinalpha和Xinbeta。消融小鼠Xinalpha (mXinalpha)不影响心脏发育。相反,mxinalpha缺陷小鼠表现为成年迟发性心肌肥厚和心肌病伴传导缺陷。mxinalpha缺陷的心脏上调小鼠Xinbeta (mXinbeta),提示mXinbeta具有部分代偿作用。然而,mXinbeta基因的完全缺失导致ICD无法形成,mXinalpha基因定位错误,以及出生后早期死亡。在这篇综述中,我们将简要讨论icd的解剖和功能的最新进展。然后,我们将回顾我们所知道的Xin重复序列蛋白,以及该蛋白家族如何促进ICD成熟和正常心功能的稳定性。
Intercalated discs (ICDs) are cardiac-specific structures responsible for mechanical and electrical communication among adjacent cardiomyocytes and are implicated in signal transduction. The striated muscle-specific Xin repeat-containing proteins localize to ICDs and play critical roles in ICD formation and cardiac function. Knocking down the Xin gene in chicken embryos collapses the wall of developing heart chambers and leads to abnormal cardiac morphogenesis. In mammals, a pair of paralogous genes, Xinalpha and Xinbeta exist. Ablation of the mouse Xinalpha (mXinalpha) does not affect heart development. Instead, mXinalpha-deficient mice show adult late-onset cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy with conduction defects. The mXinalpha-deficient hearts up-regulate mouse Xinbeta (mXinbeta), suggesting a partial compensatory role of mXinbeta. Complete loss of mXinbeta, however, leads to failure of forming ICD, mis-localization of mXinalpha, and early postnatal lethality. In this review, we will briefly discuss recent advances in the anatomy and function of ICDs. We will then review what we know about Xin repeat-containing proteins and how this protein family promotes ICD maturation and stability for normal cardiac function.
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