Prosocial Emotions
Prosocial Emotions
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亲社会情绪
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195162592.003.0014
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
H. Gintis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Bowles;H. Gintis
对社会规范的遵守不仅取决于以认知为中介的对自身利益的追求，还取决于情感。羞耻、内疚、自豪、同理心、遗憾和其他本能反应在维持合作关系中发挥着核心作用，包括在没有完全契约的情况下成功交易。我们考虑一个公共物品博弈，其中代理人最大化效用函数，该函数捕获了五个不同的动机：对自己的物质回报，对他人回报的评估，这取决于一个人的利他主义和互惠程度，以及一个人对自己和他人行为的愧疚感或羞耻感。我们提供的证据表明，这种情绪在公共物品游戏中发挥着作用，并且我们开发了一个分析模型，表明互惠、羞耻和内疚会提高群体的合作水平。最后，我们从亲社会情感所带来的个人和群体层面的利益方面解释了亲社会情感的长期进化成功。 *我们要感谢 KennethArrow、John Geanakoplos、Charles Manski、Giorgio Topa、Peyton Young 提供的有益评论，并感谢 John D. 和 Catherine T. MacArthur 基金会提供的财政支持。亲社会情绪1
Adherence to social norms is underwritten not only by the cognitively mediated pursuit of self-interest, but also by emotions. Shame, guilt, pride, empathy, regret and other visceral reactions play a central role in sustaining cooperative relations, including successful transactions in the absence of complete contracting. We consider a public goods game where agents maximize a utility function that captures five distinct motives: material payoffs to oneself, one’s valuation of the payoffs to others, which depend both on one’s altruism and one’s degree of reciprocity, and one’s sense of guilt or shame in response to one’s own and others’ actions. We present evidence suggesting that such emotions play a role in the public goods game, and we develop an analytical model showing that reciprocity, shame, and guilt increase the level of cooperation in the group. Finally, we provide an explanation of the long term evolutionary success of prosocial emotions in terms of both the individual and group-level benefits they confer. ∗We would like to thank KennethArrow, John Geanakoplos, Charles Manski, Giorgio Topa, Peyton Young for helpful comments, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation for financial support. Prosocial Emotions 1
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
EKMAN, P
通讯作者：
EKMAN, P