Optimized Protocol for the Incorporation of FDAA (HADA Labeling) for in situ Labeling of Peptidoglycan.

Optimized Protocol for the Incorporation of FDAA (HADA Labeling) for in situ Labeling of Peptidoglycan.
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用于肽聚糖原位标记的 FDAA(HADA 标记)的优化方案。

DOI:
10.21769/bioprotoc.3316
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
0.8
通讯作者:
W. Vollmer
W. Vollmer
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
K. Peters;M. Pazos;M. VanNieuwenhze;W. Vollmer

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在几乎所有的细菌中,必不可少的肽聚糖(PG)层都包裹在细胞质膜上。它需要保持细胞的形状,并保护它免于因高膨胀而溶解。PG层的生长是一个复杂的过程,涉及PG合成酶和水解酶在伸长和细胞分裂过程中的活性。最近开发的荧光d -氨基酸(FDAA)探针可以在一系列不同的细菌中标记PG生长位点。FDAAs通过dd-转肽酶(青霉素结合蛋白,PBPs)或ld-转肽酶(LDTs)并入PG。用FDAA 7-羟基香豆素羰基氨基- d -丙氨酸(HADA)对大肠杆菌细胞进行长脉冲原位标记,有望在细胞侧壁产生均匀的标记,并由于PG的强烈合成而增强细胞分裂部位的标记。然而,当我们用HADA标记大肠杆菌细胞时,我们观察到在细胞中期标记减少。我们认为,在细胞分裂位点的探针可能会被PG水解酶去除,并修改了标记方案,以更好地保存荧光显微镜下PG结合的HADA。在这里,我们报告了优化的HADA标记方案,通过该方案,细胞在分裂隔膜处保留增强的HADA信号。
The essential peptidoglycan (PG) layer surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane in nearly all bacteria. It is needed to maintain the shape of the cell and protect it from lysis due to high turgor. Growth of the PG layer is a complex process that involves the activities of PG synthases and hydrolases during elongation and cell division. PG growth sites can be labeled by the recently developed fluorescent D-amino acid (FDAA) probes in a range of different bacteria. FDAAs are incorporated into PG by dd-transpeptidases (Penicillin-binding proteins, PBPs) or, if present, ld-transpeptidase (LDTs). Long-pulse in situ labeling of E. coli cells with the FDAA 7-hydroxycoumarincarbonylamino-D-alanine (HADA) is expected to result in a uniform label at the side wall of cells and enhanced label at cell division sites due to the intense PG synthesis. However, we observed reduced label at mid-cell when labeling E. coli cells with HADA. We reasoned that probe incorporated at cell division sites may be removed by PG hydrolases and modified the labeling protocol to better preserve PG-incorporated HADA for fluorescence microscopy. Here, we report the optimized HADA-labeling protocol by which cells retain an enhanced HADA signal at the division septum.
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