Imaging Bacterial Cell Wall Biosynthesis.

Imaging Bacterial Cell Wall Biosynthesis.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012921
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发表时间:
2018-06-20
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
VanNieuwenhze MS
VanNieuwenhze MS
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Radkov AD;Hsu YP;Booher G;VanNieuwenhze MS

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肽聚糖是保护细菌免受环境压力的细胞壁的重要组成部分。在细胞伸长和分裂期间,肽聚糖的仔细协调的生物合成是细胞活力所必需的。这种生物合成涉及复杂的酶机制,动态合成,重塑和降解肽聚糖。然而,细菌何时何地构建肽聚糖,以及这如何与细胞生长协调,一直是该领域的长期问题。显微技术的发展为肽聚糖生物合成的高时空分辨率研究提供了强有力的手段。近年来分子探针的发展进一步加速了该领域的发展,这使我们对肽聚糖生物合成动力学和机制的认识更加深入。在这里,我们回顾了细菌细胞壁及其生物合成活性的成像技术。我们专注于应用荧光d-氨基酸,一种新开发的探针,可视化和研究肽聚糖的合成和动力学,我们提供了前瞻性的研究方向。
Peptidoglycan is an essential component of the cell wall that protects bacteria from environmental stress. A carefully coordinated biosynthesis of peptidoglycan during cell elongation and division is required for cell viability. This biosynthesis involves sophisticated enzyme machineries that dynamically synthesize, remodel, and degrade peptidoglycan. However, when and where bacteria build peptidoglycan, and how this is coordinated with cell growth, have been long-standing questions in the field. The improvement of microscopy techniques has provided powerful approaches to study peptidoglycan biosynthesis with high spatiotemporal resolution. Recent development of molecular probes further accelerated the growth of the field, which has advanced our knowledge of peptidoglycan biosynthesis dynamics and mechanisms. Here, we review the technologies for imaging the bacterial cell wall and its biosynthesis activity. We focus on the applications of fluorescent d-amino acids, a newly developed type of probe, to visualize and study peptidoglycan synthesis and dynamics, and we provide direction for prospective research.
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