Intentions, Expectations and Institutions: Engineering the Future of Synthetic Biology in the USA and the UK
Intentions, Expectations and Institutions: Engineering the Future of Synthetic Biology in the USA and the UK
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意图、期望和机构：设计美国和英国合成生物学的未来
DOI：
10.1080/09505431.2015.1037827
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Schyfter P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schyfter P
合成生物学是一个正在形成的领域：一个松散定义的不同学科、机构和实践的融合。有些从业者认为自己是科学家，有些则认为自己是工程师；虽然有些人称赞标准化生物学的简单性，但也有人认为它适得其反。合成生物学中有三个不同的群体（认识论、怀疑论建设者和坚定的工程师）可以通过他们的意图、实践和承诺来区分。合成生物学家的承诺塑造了政策制定者的期望，而政策制定者的期望反过来又塑造了制度安排。然后，这些制度安排以迭代的方式影响实践者的承诺。在美国和英国，“忠诚的工程师”已经成功地获得了对基于工程和以工业为中心的合成生物学愿景的支持，这承诺了应用和经济增长。这一群体的意图和承诺影响了决策者的期望，而决策者的期望反过来又推动了两国合成生物学的主要制度发展。然而，虽然这一领域前景的经济潜力的承诺已在政策一级得到接受，但这一前景的其他方面，例如促进基础设施的重要性，往往被忽视。从某种意义上说，工程师们的承诺和花言巧语太成功了，因为它们掩盖了实现这些承诺所需的制度和基础设施发展。
Synthetic biology is a field in-the-making: a loosely defined amalgamation of diverse disciplines, institutions and practices. Where some practitioners identify as scientists, others consider themselves engineers; while some extol the simplicity of standardised biology, others dismiss it as counterproductive. Three different communities in synthetic biology (epistemics, sceptical constructors and committed engineers) can be distinguished by way of their intentions, practices and promises. Synthetic biologists’ promises shape policy-makers’ expectations, which in turn shape institutional arrangements. These institutional arrangements then influence practitioners’ promises in an iterative fashion. In both the USA and the UK, ‘committed engineers’ have succeeded in gaining support for an engineering-based and industry-centred vision of synthetic biology, which promises applications and economic growth. This group's intentions and promises have influenced policy-makers’ expectations, which, in turn, have driven the major institutional developments in synthetic biology in the two countries. However, while the promises of the economic potential of this vision of the field have been embraced at policy levels, other aspects of this vision, such as the importance of enabling infrastructure, are often overlooked. In a sense, committed engineers’ promises and rhetoric have been too successful, because they have overshadowed the institutional and infrastructural developments needed to make them a reality.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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