Karyotypic diversity and cryptic speciation: Have we vastly underestimated moss species diversity?

Karyotypic diversity and cryptic speciation: Have we vastly underestimated moss species diversity?
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核型多样性和神秘物种形成:我们是否大大低估了苔藓物种的多样性?

DOI:
10.11646/bde.43.1.12
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Bryophyte diversity evolution
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Goffinet, B.
Goffinet, B.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Patel, N.;Medina, R.;Johnson, M.;Goffinet, B.

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核型多样性是催化所有植物进化变化的关键。多倍体和非整倍体通过在同源染色体组之间产生减数分裂不亲和性,可能促进生殖隔离和物种形成的可能性。在整个植物中,异体多倍体形式的核型变异相对于自多倍体和非整倍体得到了更多的分类关注。特别是,自倍体和非整倍体在苔藓植物中的患病率和意义知之甚少。利用Fritsch 1991年出版的苔藓植物核型纲要,并从此后发表的核学研究中扩充,我们量化了约1500种现存苔藓形态物种核型变异的流行程度。我们评估了核型数据的系统发育分布,自多倍体和非整倍体的频率,以及与核型多样性相关的方法学。17%的物种记录到至少两个倍性水平,潜在地增加了苔藓目前的分类多样性到超过15,000种。我们发现,对于一个给定的物种,记录的独特核型的数量与抽样的种群数量相关。有证据表明,细胞学多样性可能是苔藓中尚未被描述的物种多样性的基础,而密集的核采样是发现这种多样性的必要工具。
Karyotypic diversity is critical to catalyzing change in the evolution of all plants. By resulting in meiotic incompatibility among sets of homologous chromosomes, polyploidy and aneuploidy may facilitate reproductive isolation and the potential for speciation. Across plants, karyotypic variants in the form of allopolyploids receive greater taxonomic attention relative to autopolyploids and aneuploids. In particular, the prevalence and significance of autopolyploidy and aneuploidy in bryophytes is little understood. Using Fritsch’s 1991 compendium of bryophyte karyotypes with augmentation from karyological studies published since, we have quantified the prevalence of karyotypic variants among~ 1500 extant morphological species of mosses. We assessed the phylogenetic distribution of karyological data, the frequency of autopolyploidy and aneuploidy, and the methodological correlates with karyotypic diversity. At least two ploidy levels were recorded from 17% of species potentially increasing current taxonomic diversity of mosses to over 15,000 species. We find that for a given species, the number of unique karyotypes recorded is correlated with the number of populations sampled. The evidence suggests that cytological diversity likely underlies yet undescribed species diversity in mosses, and that intensive karyological sampling is a needed tool for its discovery.
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