3'-processing and strand transfer catalysed by retroviral integrase in crystallo.

3'-processing and strand transfer catalysed by retroviral integrase in crystallo.
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DOI:
10.1038/emboj.2012.118
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发表时间:
2012-06-29
期刊:
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Cherepanov, Peter
Cherepanov, Peter
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hare, Stephen;Maertens, Goedele N.;Cherepanov, Peter

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逆转录病毒整合酶(IN)负责两个连续的反应,其导致病毒DNA拷贝插入宿主细胞染色体中。最初,该酶从病毒DNA末端去除二核苷酸或三核苷酸,以暴露附着在不变CA二核苷酸上的3′-羟基(3′-加工反应)。第二,将处理后的3′-病毒DNA末端插入宿主染色体DNA(链转移)。在此,我们报告了在3′-加工之前结合病毒DNA的原型泡沫病毒IN的晶体结构。此外,利用其对二价金属离子辅因子的依赖性,我们能够将病毒酶冷冻捕获在其基态,其中包含3′-加工或链转移所需的所有组分。我们的结果揭示了逆转录病毒DNA整合的机制,并解释了为什么HIV IN链转移抑制剂对整合的3′-加工步骤无效。此外,基态结构突出了抑制剂在与IN活性位点结合时所利用的引人注目的底物模拟,并提出了改进这类临床相关小分子的方法。
Retroviral integrase (IN) is responsible for two consecutive reactions, which lead to insertion of a viral DNA copy into a host cell chromosome. Initially, the enzyme removes di- or trinucleotides from viral DNA ends to expose 3′-hydroxyls attached to the invariant CA dinucleotides (3′-processing reaction). Second, it inserts the processed 3′-viral DNA ends into host chromosomal DNA (strand transfer). Herein, we report a crystal structure of prototype foamy virus IN bound to viral DNA prior to 3′-processing. Furthermore, taking advantage of its dependence on divalent metal ion cofactors, we were able to freeze trap the viral enzyme in its ground states containing all the components necessary for 3′-processing or strand transfer. Our results shed light on the mechanics of retroviral DNA integration and explain why HIV IN strand transfer inhibitors are ineffective against the 3′-processing step of integration. The ground state structures moreover highlight a striking substrate mimicry utilized by the inhibitors in their binding to the IN active site and suggest ways to improve upon this clinically relevant class of small molecules.
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